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PROGRAM:
NAME
ocaml - The OCaml interactive toplevel
SYNOPSIS
ocaml [ options ] [ object-files ] [ script-file ]
DESCRIPTION
The ocaml(1) command is the toplevel system for OCaml, that permits interactive use of the
OCaml system through a read-eval-print loop. In this mode, the system repeatedly reads
OCaml phrases from the input, then typechecks, compiles and evaluates them, then prints
the inferred type and result value, if any. The system prints a # (sharp) prompt before
reading each phrase.
A toplevel phrase can span several lines. It is terminated by ;; (a double-semicolon). The
syntax of toplevel phrases is as follows.
The toplevel system is started by the command ocaml(1). Phrases are read on standard
input, results are printed on standard output, errors on standard error. End-of-file on
standard input terminates ocaml(1).
If one or more object-files (ending in .cmo or .cma) are given, they are loaded silently
before starting the toplevel.
If a script-file is given, phrases are read silently from the file, errors printed on
standard error. ocaml(1) exits after the execution of the last phrase.
OPTIONS
The following command-line options are recognized by ocaml(1).
-absname
Show absolute filenames in error messages.
-I directory
Add the given directory to the list of directories searched for source and compiled
files. By default, the current directory is searched first, then the standard
library directory. Directories added with -I are searched after the current
directory, in the order in which they were given on the command line, but before
the standard library directory.
If the given directory starts with +, it is taken relative to the standard library
directory. For instance, -I +compiler-libs adds the subdirectory compiler-libs of
the standard library to the search path.
Directories can also be added to the search path once the toplevel is running with
the #directory directive.
-init file
Load the given file instead of the default initialization file. The default file
is .ocamlinit in the current directory if it exists, otherwise .ocamlinit in the
user's home directory.
-labels
Labels are not ignored in types, labels may be used in applications, and labelled
parameters can be given in any order. This is the default.
-no-app-funct
Deactivates the applicative behaviour of functors. With this option, each functor
application generates new types in its result and applying the same functor twice
to the same argument yields two incompatible structures.
-noassert
Do not compile assertion checks. Note that the special form assert false is always
compiled because it is typed specially.
-nolabels
Ignore non-optional labels in types. Labels cannot be used in applications, and
parameter order becomes strict.
-noprompt
Do not display any prompt when waiting for input.
-nopromptcont
Do not display the secondary prompt when waiting for continuation lines in multi-
line inputs. This should be used e.g. when running ocaml(1) in an emacs(1) window.
-nostdlib
Do not include the standard library directory in the list of directories searched
for source and compiled files.
-open module
Opens the given module before starting the toplevel. If several -open options are
given, they are processed in order, just as if the statements open! module1;; ...
open! moduleN;; were input.
-ppx command
After parsing, pipe the abstract syntax tree through the preprocessor command. The
module Ast_mapper(3) implements the external interface of a preprocessor.
-principal
Check information path during type-checking, to make sure that all types are
derived in a principal way. When using labelled arguments and/or polymorphic
methods, this flag is required to ensure future versions of the compiler will be
able to infer types correctly, even if internal algorithms change. All programs
accepted in -principal mode are also accepted in the default mode with equivalent
types, but different binary signatures, and this may slow down type checking; yet
it is a good idea to use it once before publishing source code.
-rectypes
Allow arbitrary recursive types during type-checking. By default, only recursive
types where the recursion goes through an object type are supported.
-safe-string
Enforce the separation between types string and bytes, thereby making strings read-
only. This will become the default in a future version of OCaml.
-short-paths
When a type is visible under several module-paths, use the shortest one when
printing the type's name in inferred interfaces and error and warning messages.
-stdin Read the standard input as a script file rather than starting an interactive
session.
-strict-sequence
Force the left-hand part of each sequence to have type unit.
-unsafe
Turn bound checking off on array and string accesses (the v.(i)ands.[i]
constructs). Programs compiled with -unsafe are therefore slightly faster, but
unsafe: anything can happen if the program accesses an array or string outside of
its bounds.
-unsafe-string
Identify the types string and bytes, thereby making strings writable. For reasons
of backward compatibility, this is the default setting for the moment, but this
will change in a future version of OCaml.
-version
Print version string and exit.
-vnum Print short version number and exit.
-w warning-list
Enable or disable warnings according to the argument warning-list. See ocamlc(1)
for the syntax of the warning-list argument.
-warn-error warning-list
Mark as fatal the warnings described by the argument warning-list. Note that a
warning is not triggered (and does not trigger an error) if it is disabled by the
-w option. See ocamlc(1) for the syntax of the warning-list argument.
-warn-help
Show the description of all available warning numbers.
- file Use file as a script file name, even when it starts with a hyphen (-).
-help or --help
Display a short usage summary and exit.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
LC_CTYPE
If set to iso_8859_1, accented characters (from the ISO Latin-1 character set) in
string and character literals are printed as is; otherwise, they are printed as
decimal escape sequences.
TERM When printing error messages, the toplevel system attempts to underline visually
the location of the error. It consults the TERM variable to determines the type of
output terminal and look up its capabilities in the terminal database.
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