rmkdepend - Online in the Cloud

PROGRAM:

NAME

rmkdepend - create dependencies in makefiles (ROOT Version)

SYNOPSIS

rmkdepend [ -Dname=def ] [ -Dname ] [ -Iincludedir ] [ -Yincludedir ] [ -a ] [ -fmakefile
] [ -oobjsuffix ] [ -pobjprefix ] [ -sstring ] [ -wwidth ] [ -v ] [ -m ] [ -- otheroptions
-- ] sourcefile [ -ttargetfilename ] ...

DESCRIPTION

The rmkdepend program reads each sourcefile in sequence and parses it like a C-
preprocessor, processing all #include, #define, #undef, #ifdef, #ifndef, #endif, #if,
#elif and #else directives so that it can correctly tell which #include, directives would
be used in a compilation. Any #include, directives can reference files having other
#include directives, and parsing will occur in these files as well.

Every file that a sourcefile includes, directly or indirectly, is what rmkdepend calls a
dependency. These dependencies are then written to a makefile in such a way that make(1)
will know which object files must be recompiled when a dependency has changed.

By default, rmkdepend places its output in the file named makefile if it exists, otherwise
Makefile. An alternate makefile may be specified with the -f option. It first searches
the makefile for the line

# DO NOT DELETE THIS LINE -- make depend depends on it.

or one provided with the -s option, as a delimiter for the dependency output. If it finds
it, it will delete everything following this to the end of the makefile and put the output
after this line. If it doesn't find it, the program will append the string to the end of
the makefile and place the output following that. For each sourcefile appearing on the
command line, rmkdepend puts lines in the makefile of the form

sourcefile.o: dfile ...

Where sourcefile.o is the name from the command line with its suffix replaced with ``.o'',
and dfile is a dependency discovered in a #include directive while parsing sourcefile or
one of the files it included.

NOTE

The rmkdepend application is based on makedepend(1) from the X Consortium, but modified
slightly to fit the needs of the ROOT system. This man(1) page is more or less identical
to the manpage for makedepend(1), except for this notice, and the SEE ALSO and AUTHORS
sections.

EXAMPLE

Normally, rmkdepend will be used in a makefile target so that typing ``make depend'' will
bring the dependencies up to date for the makefile. For example,
SRCS = file1.c file2.c ...
CFLAGS = -O -DHACK -I../foobar -xyz
depend:
rmkdepend -- $(CFLAGS) -- $(SRCS)

OPTIONS

The program will ignore any option that it does not understand so that you may use the
same arguments that you would for cc(1).

-Dname=def or -Dname
Define. This places a definition for name in rmkdepend's symbol table. Without =def
the symbol becomes defined as ``1''.

-Iincludedir
Include directory. This option tells rmkdepend to prepend includedir to its list of
directories to search when it encounters a #include directive. By default, rmkdepend
only searches the standard include directories (usually /usr/include and possibly a
compiler-dependent directory).

-Yincludedir
Replace all of the standard include directories with the single specified include
directory; you can omit the includedir to simply prevent searching the standard
include directories.

-a Append the dependencies to the end of the file instead of replacing them.

-fmakefile
Filename. This allows you to specify an alternate makefile in which rmkdepend can
place its output. Specifying ``-'' as the file name (i.e., -f-) sends the output to
standard output instead of modifying an existing file.

-oobjsuffix
Object file suffix. Some systems may have object files whose suffix is something
other than ``.o''. This option allows you to specify another suffix, such as ``.b''
with -o.b or ``:obj'' with -o:obj and so forth.

-pobjprefix
Object file prefix. The prefix is prepended to the name of the object file. This is
usually used to designate a different directory for the object file. The default is
the empty string.

-sstring
Starting string delimiter. This option permits you to specify a different string for
rmkdepend to look for in the makefile.

-wwidth
Line width. Normally, rmkdepend will ensure that every output line that it writes
will be no wider than 78 characters for the sake of readability. This option enables
you to change this width.

-v Verbose operation. This option causes rmkdepend to emit the list of files included
by each input file on standard output.

-m Warn about multiple inclusion. This option causes rmkdepend to produce a warning if
any input file includes another file more than once. In previous versions of
rmkdepend this was the default behavior; the default has been changed to better match
the behavior of the C compiler, which does not consider multiple inclusion to be an
error. This option is provided for backward compatibility, and to aid in debugging
problems related to multiple inclusion.

-- options --
If rmkdepend encounters a double hyphen (--) in the argument list, then any
unrecognized argument following it will be silently ignored; a second double hyphen
terminates this special treatment. In this way, rmkdepend can be made to safely
ignore esoteric compiler arguments that might normally be found in a CFLAGS make
macro (see the EXAMPLE section above). All options that rmkdepend recognizes and
appear between the pair of double hyphens are processed normally.

-ttargetfilename
Filename. This allows you to specify an alternate target filename to be use for the
preceding file. For example if you call

rmkdepend ‐sobj ‐pbuild file.cxx ‐tlibrary.so

rather than inserting the line

build/file.obj: ...

rmkdepend will insert:

library.so: ...

ALGORITHM

The approach used in this program enables it to run an order of magnitude faster than any
other ``dependency generator'' I have ever seen. Central to this performance are two
assumptions: that all files compiled by a single makefile will be compiled with roughly
the same -I and -D options; and that most files in a single directory will include largely
the same files.

Given these assumptions, rmkdepend expects to be called once for each makefile, with all
source files that are maintained by the makefile appearing on the command line. It parses
each source and include file exactly once, maintaining an internal symbol table for each.
Thus, the first file on the command line will take an amount of time proportional to the
amount of time that a normal C preprocessor takes. But on subsequent files, if it
encounters an include file that it has already parsed, it does not parse it again.

For example, imagine you are compiling two files, file1.c and file2.c, they each include
the header file header.h, and the file header.h in turn includes the files def1.h and
def2.h. When you run the command

rmkdepend file1.c file2.c

rmkdepend will parse file1.c and consequently, header.h and then def1.h and def2.h. It
then decides that the dependencies for this file are

file1.o: header.h def1.h def2.h

But when the program parses file2.c and discovers that it, too, includes header.h, it does
not parse the file, but simply adds header.h, def1.h and def2.h to the list of
dependencies for file2.o.

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