x3270 - Online in the Cloud

PROGRAM:

NAME

x3270 - IBM host access tool

SYNOPSIS

x3270 [options] [host]

x3270 [options] session-file.x3270

DESCRIPTION

x3270 opens a telnet connection to an IBM host in an X window. It implements RFCs 2355
(TN3270E), 1576 (TN3270) and 1646 (LU name selection), and supports IND$FILE file
transfer. The window created by x3270 can use its own font for displaying characters, so
it is a fairly accurate representation of an IBM 3278 or 3279. It is similar to tn3270(1)
except that it is X-based, not curses-based.

The full syntax for host is:
[prefix:]...[LUname@]hostname[:port]

Prepending a P: onto hostname causes the connection to go through the telnet-passthru
service rather than directly to the host. See PASSTHRU below.

Prepending an S: onto hostname removes the "extended data stream" option reported to the
host. See -tn below for further information.

Prepending an N: onto hostname turns off TN3270E support for the session.

Prepending an L: onto hostname causes x3270 to first create an SSL tunnel to the host, and
then create a TN3270 session inside the tunnel. (This function is supported only if x3270
was built with SSL/TLS support). Note that TLS-encrypted sessions using the TELNET START-
TLS option are negotiated with the host automatically; for these sessions the L: prefix
should not be used.

A specific Logical Unit (LU) name to use may be specified by prepending it to the hostname
with an `@'. Multiple LU names to try can be separated by commas. An empty LU can be
placed in the list with an extra comma. (Note that the LU name is used for different
purposes by different kinds of hosts. For example, CICS uses the LU name as the Terminal
ID.)

The hostname may optionally be placed inside square-bracket characters `[' and `]'. This
will prevent any colon `:' characters in the hostname from being interpreted as indicating
option prefixes or port numbers. This allows numeric IPv6 addresses to be used as
hostnames.

On systems that support the forkpty library call, the hostname may be replaced with -e and
a command string. This will cause x3270 to connect to a local child process, such as a
shell.

The port to connect to defaults to telnet. This can be overridden with the -port option,
or by appending a port to the hostname with a colon `:'. (For compatability with previous
versions of x3270 and with tn3270(1), the port may also be specified as a second, separate
argument.)

OPTIONS

x3270 is a toolkit based program, so it understands standard Xt options and resources. It
also understands the following options:

-accepthostname spec
Specifies a particular hostname to accept when validating the name presented in the
host's SSL certificate, instead of comparing to the name or address used to make
the connection. spec can either be any, which disables name validation,
DNS:hostname, which matches a particular DNS hostname, or IP:address, which matches
a particular numeric IPv4 or IPv6 address.

-activeicon
Specifies that the icon should be a miniature version of the screen image. See
ICONS below.

-apl Sets up APL mode. This is actually an abbreviation for several options. See APL
SUPPORT below.

-cadir directory
Specifies a directory containing CA (root) certificates to use when verifying a
certificate provided by the host.

-cafile filename
Specifies a PEM-format file containing CA (root) certificates to use when verifying
a certificate provided by the host.

-cc range:value[,...]
Sets character classes.

-certfile filename
Specifies a file containing a certificate to provide to the host, if requested.
The default file type is PEM.

-certfiletype type
Specifies the type of the certificate file specified by -certfile. Type can be pem
or asn1.

-chainfile filename
Specifies a certificate chain file in PEM format, containing a certificate to
provide to the host if requested, as well as one or more intermediate certificates
and the CA certificate used to sign that certificate. If -chainfile is specified,
it overrides -certfile.

-charset name
Specifies an EBCDIC host character set.

-clear toggle
Sets the initial value of toggle to false. The list of toggle names is under MENUS
below.

-devname name
Specifies a device name (workstation ID) for RFC 4777 support.

-efont name
Specifies a font for the emulator window.

-hostsfile file
Uses file as the hosts file, which allows aliases for host names and scripts to be
executed at login. See ibm_hosts(1) for details.

-iconname name
Specifies an alternate title for the program icon.

-iconx x
Specifies the initial x coordinate for the program icon.

-icony y
Specifies the initial y coordinate for the program icon.

-im method
Specifies the name of the input method to use for multi-byte input. (Supported
only when x3270 is compiled with DBCS support.)

-keyfile filename
Specifies a file containing the private key for the certificate file (specified via
-certfile or -chainfile). The default file type is PEM.

-keyfiletype type
Specifies the type of the private key file specified by -keyfile. Type can be pem
or asn1.

-keypasswd type:value
Specifies the password for the private key file, if it is encrypted. The argument
can be file:filename, specifying that the password is in a file, or string:string,
specifying the password on the command-line directly. If the private key file is
encrypted and no -keypasswd option is given, the password will be prompted for
interactively.

-keymap name
Specifies a keymap name and optional modifiers. See KEYMAPS below.

-keypad
Turns on the keypad as soon as x3270 starts.

-km name
Specifies the local encoding method for multi-byte text. name is an encoding name
recognized by the ICU library. (Supported only when x3270 is compiled with DBCS
support, and necessary only when x3270 cannot figure it out from the locale.)

-loginmacro Action(arg...) ...
Specifies a macro to run at login time.

-model name
The model of 3270 display to be emulated. The model name is in two parts, either
of which may be omitted:

The first part is the base model, which is either 3278 or 3279. 3278 specifies a
monochrome (green on black) 3270 display; 3279 specifies a color 3270 display.

The second part is the model number, which specifies the number of rows and
columns. Model 4 is the default.

Model Number Columns Rows
──────────────────────────────
2 80 24
3 80 32
4 80 43
5 132 27

Note: Technically, there is no such 3270 display as a 3279-4 or 3279-5, but most
hosts seem to work with them anyway.

The default model for a color X display is 3279-4. For a monochrome X display, it
is 3278-4.

-mono Forces x3270 to believe it is running on a monochrome X display.

-once Causes x3270 to exit after a host disconnects. This option has effect only if a
hostname is specified on the command line.

-oversize colsxrows
Makes the screen larger than the default for the chosen model number. This option
has effect only in combination with extended data stream support (controlled by the
"x3270.extended" resource), and only if the host supports the Query Reply
structured field. The number of columns multiplied by the number of rows must not
exceed 16383 (3fff hex), the limit of 14-bit 3270 buffer addressing.

-port n
Specifies a different TCP port to connect to. n can be a name from /etc/services
like telnet, or a number. This option changes the default port number used for all
connections. (The positional parameter affects only the initial connection.)

-printerlu luname
Causes x3270 to automatically start a pr3287 printer session. If luname is ".",
then the printer session will be associated with the interactive terminal session
(this requires that the host support TN3270E). Otherwise, the value is used as the
explicit LU name to associate with the printer session.

-proxy type:host[:port]
Causes x3270 to connect via the specified proxy, instead of using a direct
connection. The host can be an IP address or hostname. The optional port can be a
number or a service name. For a list of supported proxy types, see PROXY below.

-pt type
Specifies the preedit type for the multi-byte input method. Valid values are
OverTheSpot, OffTheSpot, Root and OnTheSpot. The value for OverTheSpot can include
an optional suffix, a signed number indicating the vertical distance in rows of the
preedit window from the cursor position, e.g. OverTheSpot+1 or OverTheSpot-2. The
default value is OverTheSpot+1. (Supported only when x3270 is compiled with DBCS
support.)

-reconnect
Causes x3270 to automatically reconnect to the host if it ever disconnects. This
option has effect only if a hostname is specified on the command line.

-sb Turns on the scrollbar.

+sb Turns the scrollbar off.

-scheme name
Specifes a color scheme to use in 3279 mode. This option has effect only in
combination with 3279 emulation.

-script
Causes x3270 to read commands from standard input, with the results written to
standard output. The protocol for these commands is documented in x3270-script(1).

-sl n Specifies that n lines should be saved for scrolling back. The default is 4096.

-scriptport port
Causes x3270 to listen for scripting connections on local TCP port port.

-secure
Disables run-time features that could compromise system security (user-specified
file names and commands, etc.).

-selfsignedok
When verifying a host SSL certificate, allow it to be self-signed.

-set toggle
Sets the initial value of toggle to true. The list of toggle names is under MENUS
below.

-socket
Causes the emulator to create a Unix-domain socket when it starts, for use by
script processes to send commands to the emulator. The socket is named
/tmp/x3sck.process_id. The -p option of x3270if causes it to use this socket,
instead of pipes specified by environment variables.

-tn name
Specifies the terminal name to be transmitted over the telnet connection. The
default name is IBM-model_name-E, for example, IBM-3279-4-E for a color X display,
or IBM-3278-4-E for a monochrome X display.

Some hosts are confused by the -E suffix on the terminal name, and will ignore the
extra screen area on models 3, 4 and 5. Prepending an s: on the hostname, or
setting the "x3270.extended" resource to "false", removes the -E from the terminal
name when connecting to such hosts.

The name can also be specified with the "x3270.termName" resource.

-trace Turns on data stream tracing at startup. Unlike turning it on from a menu option,
there is no pop-up to confirm the file name, which defaults to
/tmp/x3trc.process_id.

-tracefile file
Specifies a file to save data stream and event traces into. If the name starts
with `>>', data will be appended to the file. If the value stdout is given, then
traces will be written to standard output. If the value none is given, then traces
will be piped directly to the monitor window, and no file will be created.

-tracefilesize size
Places a limit on the size of a trace file. If this option is not specified, or is
specified as 0 or none, the trace file size will be unlimited. The minimum size is
64 Kbytes. The value of size can have a K or M suffix, indicating kilobytes or
megabytes respectively. When the trace file reaches the size limit, it will be
renamed with a `-' appended and a new file started.

-user name
Specifies the user name for RFC 4777 support.

-v Display the version and build options for x3270 and exit.

-verifycert
For SSL or SSL/TLS connections, verify the host certificate, and do not allow the
connection to complete unless it can be validated.

After reading resource definitions from the X server and any standandard X11 resource
definition files ($HOME/.Xdefaults, etc.), x3270 will read definitions from the file
$HOME/.x3270pro. This file contains local customizations and is also used to save changed
options by the Save Changed Options in File menu option.

Note that -xrm options override any definitions in the .x3270pro file.

In addition, the toggle altCursor can be used to select the cursor type. If set, an
underline cursor will be used. If clear, the normal block cursor will be used.

These names also represent resources that can be set in your .Xdefaults or .x3270pro file.
For example, if you always want to have the scrollbar off, you can add the following to
your .Xdefaults or .x3270pro:
x3270.scrollBar: false

These names are also used as the first parameter to the Toggle action.

STATUS LINE

The x3270 status line contains a variety of information. From left to right, the fields
are:

comm status
The first symbol is always a 4. If x3270 is in TN3270E mode, the second symbol is
a B; otherwise it is an A. If x3270 is disconnected, the third symbol is a
question mark. Otherwise, if x3270 is in SSCP-LU mode, the third symbol is an S.
Otherwise it is blank.

keyboard lock
If the keyboard is locked, an "X" symbol and a message field indicate the reason
for the keyboard lock.

shift Three characters indicate the keyboard modifier status. "M" indicates the Meta
key, "A" the Alt key, and an up-arrow or "^" indicates the Shift key.

compose
The letter "C" indicates that a composite character is in progress. If another
symbol follows the "C", it is the first character of the composite.

typeahead
The letter "T" indicates that one or more keystrokes are in the typeahead buffer.

temporary keymap
The letter "K" indicates that a temporary keymap is in effect.

reverse
The letter "R" indicates that the keyboard is in reverse field entry mode.

insert mode
A thick caret "^" or the letter "I" indicates that the keyboard is in insert mode.

printer session
The letter "P" indicates that a pr3287 session is active.

script The letter "S" indicates that a script is active.

LU name
The LU name associated with the session, if there is one.

timing A clock symbol and a time in seconds indicate the time it took to process the last
AID or the time to connect to a host. This display is optional.

cursor position
The cursor row and column are optionally displayed, separated by a "/".

ICONS

If the -activeicon option is given (or the "x3270.activeIcon" resource is set to true),
x3270 will attempt to make its icon a miniature version of the current screen image. This
function is highly dependent on your window manager:

mwm The size of the icon is limited by the "Mwm.iconImageMaximum" resource, which
defaults to 50x50. The image will be clipped at the bottom and right. The icon
cannot accept keyboard input.

olwm The full screen image of all 3270 models can be displayed on the icon. However,
the icon cannot be resized, so if the model is later changed with an x3270 menu
option, the icon image will be corrupted. The icon cannot accept keyboard input.

twm and tvtwm
The full screen image of all 3270 models can be displayed on the icon, and the icon
can be resized. The icon can accept keyboard input.

However, twm does not put labels on application-supplied icon windows. You can
have x3270 add its own label to the icon by setting the "x3270.labelIcon" resource
to true. The default font for icon labels is 8x13; you may change it with the
"x3270.iconLabelFont" resource.

KEYMAPS

The type of keyboard may be specified with the -keymap switch or using either the KEYMAP
or KEYBD environment variables. The types of supported keyboards include sun_k3, sun_k4,
sun_k5, hp-k1, hp-pc and ncd.

The keymap may also be specified as a comma-separated list of names. Later definitions
override earlier ones. This is used to specify both a primary keyboard type and a set of
modifiers. The modifiers defined include:

ow (OpenWindows) Swaps the middle and right mouse button definitions, so the middle
button performs the "Extend" function and the right-hand button performs the
"Paste" function. Also changes the cut and paste actions to use the OpenWindows
CLIPBOARD.

apl Allows entry of APL characters (see APL SUPPORT below).

finnish7
Replaces the bracket, brace and bar keys with common Finnish characters.

norwegian7
Replaces the bracket, brace and bar keys with common Norwegian characters.

A temporary keymap can also be specified while x3270 is running with the Keymap action.
When the action Keymap(n) is executed, temporary keymap n is added to or deleted from the
current keymap. Multiple temporary keymaps can be active simultaneously. The action
Keymap(None) restores the original keymap. Note: When Keymap() is specified as part of a
list of multiple actions in a keymap, it must be the last action in the list.

The temporary keymap hebrew is provided to allow entry of Hebrew characters.

The X Toolkit translation mechanism is used to provide keyboard emulation. It maps events
into actions. The best documentation can be found with X toolkit documents, but the
following should suffice for simple customization.

An Xt event consists of (at least) four fields. The first is called a modifier. It may
be any combination of Meta, Shift and Ctrl. If it is prefaced by !, it means those
modifiers only. The second field is the specific event, in x3270 usually just <Key>. The
third field is the detail field, which gives the actual key. The name of the key may be
determined using the xev program or with the "Trace X Events" menu option. The last field
is the action, which is the internal emulator function. A complete list of actions may be
found later in the manual.

There are three levels of translation tables in x3270. The first is a defined by the
resource x3270.keymap.base. It defines alphabetic, numeric, function keys, and such basic
functions as Enter and Delete. It allows a minimal useful functionality. It is generally
compiled in x3270, but can be overridden.

The second level is a keyboard specific table, which is selected by the x3270.keymap
resource, and defined by the x3270.keymap.name resource (where name is the value of the
x3270.keymap resource). This keymap defines actions for such things as keypad keys, and
keys unique to certain keyboards. Several predefined keymaps are included with x3270.

The third level is a user customizable table which may be used to augment or override key
definitions. This keymap is defined by the x3270.keymap.name.user resource.

In addition, keymaps may be defined for use in 3270 mode or NVT mode only. These keymaps
use the suffixes .3270 and .nvt in their names, respectively. If a keymap
x3270.keymap.name.mode is defined, it will augment the keymap x3270.keymap.name when x3270
is in the given mode. If a keymap x3270.keymap.name.user.mode is defined, it will augment
the keymap x3270.keymap.name.user when x3270 is in the given mode.

The default translation table x3270.keymap.base is:

<Key>Multi_key Compose()
Shift<Key>Left KybdSelect(Left,PRIMARY)
<Key>Left Left()
Meta<Key>Right NextWord()
Shift<Key>Right KybdSelect(Right,PRIMARY)
<Key>Right Right()
Shift<Key>Up KybdSelect(Up,PRIMARY)
<Key>Up Up()
Shift<Key>Down KybdSelect(Down,PRIMARY)
<Key>Down Down()
Ctrl<Btn1Down> HandleMenu(quitMenu)
Ctrl<Btn2Down> HandleMenu(optionsMenu)
Ctrl<Btn3Down> HandleMenu(hostMenu)
Shift<Btn1Down> MoveCursor()
<Btn1Down> select-start()
<Btn1Motion> select-extend()
<Btn2Down> ignore()
<Btn2Motion> ignore()
<Btn2Up> insert-selection(PRIMARY)
<Btn3Down> start-extend()
<Btn3Motion> select-extend()
<BtnUp> select-end(PRIMARY)
Meta<Key>F1 PF(13)
Meta<Key>F2 PF(14)
Meta<Key>F3 PF(15)
Meta<Key>F4 PF(16)
Meta<Key>F5 PF(17)
Meta<Key>F6 PF(18)
Meta<Key>F7 PF(19)
Meta<Key>F8 PF(20)
Meta<Key>F9 PF(21)
Meta<Key>F10 PF(22)
Meta<Key>F11 PF(23)
Meta<Key>F12 PF(24)
<Key>F1 PF(1)
<Key>F2 PF(2)
<Key>F3 PF(3)

<Key>F4 PF(4)
<Key>F5 PF(5)
<Key>F6 PF(6)
<Key>F7 PF(7)
<Key>F8 PF(8)
<Key>F9 PF(9)
<Key>F10 PF(10)
<Key>F11 PF(11)
<Key>F12 PF(12)
Alt<Key>q Quit()
<Key>Prior Scroll(Backward)
<Key>Next Scroll(Forward)
:<Key> Default()

The default 3270-mode table x3270.keymap.base.3270 adds the following definitions:

Shift<Key>Return Newline()
<Key>Return Enter()
<Key>Linefeed Newline()
Shift<Key>Tab BackTab()
<Key>Tab Tab()
<Key>Home Home()
Meta<Key>Left PreviousWord()
Meta<Key>Right NextWord()
<Key>Insert Insert()
<Key>Delete Delete()
<Key>BackSpace BackSpace()
Ctrl Shift<Btn1Down> MouseSelect()
Shift<Btn1Down> MoveCursor()
Meta<Key>1 PA(1)
Meta<Key>2 PA(2)
Meta<Key>3 PA(3)
Ctrl<Key>a SelectAll(PRIMARY)
Meta<Key>a Attn()
Meta<Key>b PrintWindow()
Ctrl<Key>c set-select(CLIPBOARD)
Meta<Key>c Clear()
Meta<Key>d Delete()
Meta<Key>h Home()
Meta<Key>i Insert()
Meta<Key>l Redraw()
Meta<Key>p PrintText()
Meta<Key>r Reset()
Meta<Key>u Unselect()
Ctrl<Key>u DeleteField()
Ctrl<Key>v insert-selection(CLIPBOARD)
Ctrl<Key>w DeleteWord()
:Meta<Key>asciicircum Key(notsign)

Meta is the diamond shaped key on a sun_k4, "Alt" on an NCD, "Extend Char" on an HP. The
following xmodmap command must be used on the NCD to allow use the the "Alt" key:

xmodmap -e "keysym Alt_L = Meta_L"

The left mouse button may be used to make a selection. Clicking once unselects the
current selection. Clicking twice selects the word under the mouse cursor. Clicking
three times selects the line under the mouse cursor. Clicking and dragging selects a
rectangular area of the display.

The middle mouse button may be used to paste a selection.

The right mouse button may also be used for selections, selecting the rectangular area
between the current position and where the left button was last pressed.

On color X displays, the "x3270.selectBackground" resource is used to distinguish the
selected text from the rest of the screen. On monochrome X displays, selected text is in
reverse video. (It can be distinguished from a block cursor because the block cursor
covers slightly less than an entire character position on the screen.)

The left mouse button, when pressed with the "Shift" key held down, moves the 3270 cursor
to the where the mouse cursor is pointing.

This is the complete list of keymap-callable actions. Other actions are defined for use
by scripts and are documented in x3270-script(1); still others are defined for internal
use by x3270 and are not documented here. Note that when an action with no parameters is
used in a keymap, the parentheses and empty argument list are still required.

Actions marked with an asterisk (*) may block, sending data to the host and possibly
waiting for a response.

*Attn attention key
AltCursor switch between block and
underscore cursor
BackSpace move cursor left (or send
ASCII BS)
BackTab tab to start of previous input
field
CircumNot input "^" in NVT mode, or
"notsign" in 3270 mode
*Clear clear screen
Compose next two keys form a special
symbol
*Connect(host) connect to host
*CursorSelect Cursor Select AID
Cut erase selected text
Default enter key literally
Delete delete character under cursor
(or send ASCII DEL)
DeleteField delete the entire field
DeleteWord delete the current or previous
word
*Disconnect disconnect from host
Down move cursor down
Dup duplicate field
*Enter Enter AID (or send ASCII CR)
Erase erase previous character (or
send ASCII BS)
EraseEOF erase to end of current field
EraseInput erase all input fields
Execute(cmd) execute a command in a shell
FieldEnd move cursor to end of field
FieldMark mark field
HandleMenu(name) pop up a menu
HexString(hex_digits) insert control-character
string
Home move cursor to first input
field
Insert set insert mode
*Interrupt send TELNET IP to host
Key(keysym) insert key keysym
Key(0xxx) insert key with character code
xx
Keymap(keymap) toggle alternate keymap (or
remove with None)
KybdSelect(direction Extend selection by one row or
[,atom...]) column
Left move cursor left
Left2 move cursor left 2 positions
*Macro(macro) run a macro
MonoCase toggle uppercase-only mode
MoveCursor move cursor to mouse position
MoveCursor(row, col) move cursor to (row,col)
*MoveCursorSelect move cursor to mouse position,
light pen selection
Newline move cursor to first field on
next line (or send ASCII LF)
NextWord move cursor to next word

*PA(n) Program Attention AID (n from
1 to 3)
*PF(n) Program Function AID (n from 1
to 24)
PreviousWord move cursor to previous word
Printer(Start[,lu]|Stop) start or stop printer session
PrintText(command) print screen text on printer
PrintWindow(command) print screen image (bitmap) on
printer
Quit exit x3270
*Reconnect reconnect to previous host
Redraw redraw window
Reset reset locked keyboard
Right move cursor right
Right2 move cursor right 2 positions
*Script(command[,arg...]) run a script
Scroll(Forward|Backward) scroll screen
SelectAll(atom) select entire screen
SetFont(font) change emulator font
*String(string) insert string (simple macro
facility)
*SysReq System Request AID
Tab move cursor to next input
field
Toggle(option[,set|clear]) toggle an option
ToggleInsert toggle insert mode
ToggleReverse toggle reverse-input mode
*Transfer(option=value...) file transfer
Unselect release selection
Up move cursor up
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
(the following are similar to
xterm)
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
ignore do nothing
insert- paste selection
selection([atom[,atom...]])
move-select a combination of MoveCursor
and select-start
select-end(atom[,atom...]]) complete selection and assign
to atom(s)
select-extend move the end of a selection
select-start mark the beginning of a
selection
set-select(atom[,atom...]]) assign existing selection to
atom(s)
start-extend begin marking the end of a
selection

Note that certain parameters to x3270 actions (such as the names of files and keymaps) are
subject to substitutions:

The character ~ at the beginning of a string is replaced with the user's home directory.
A ~ character followed by a username is replaced with that user's home directory.

Environment variables are substituted using the Unix shell convention of $name or ${name}.

Two special pseudo-environment variables are supported. ${TIMESTAMP} is replaced with a
microsecond-resolution timestamp; ${UNIQUE} is replaced with a string guaranteed to make a
unique filename (the process ID optionally followed by a dash and a string of digits).
${UNIQUE} is used to form trace file names.

THE PRINTTEXT ACTION

The PrintText produces screen snapshots in a number of different forms. The default form
wth no arguments sends a copy of the screen to the default printer. A single argument is
the command to use to print, e.g., lpr. Multiple arguments can include keywords to
control the output of PrintText:

file filename
Save the output in a file.

html Save the output as HTML. This option implies file.

rtf Save the output as RichText. This option implies file. The font defaults to
Courier New and the point size defaults to 8. These can be overridden by the
printTextFont and printTextSize resources, respectively.

string Return the output as a string. This can only be used from scripts.

modi Render modified fields in italics.

caption text
Add the specified text as a caption above the output. Within text, the special
sequence %T% will be replaced with a timestamp.

secure Disables the pop-up dialog.

command command
Directs the output to a command. This allows one or more of the other keywords to
be specified, while still sending the output to the printer.

MACROS AND SCRIPTS

There are several types of macros and script functions available.

The String Action
The simplest method for macros is provided via the String action. The arguments to
String are one or more double-quoted strings which are inserted directly as if
typed. The C backslash conventions are honored as follows. (Entries marked * mean
that after sending the AID code to the host, x3270 will wait for the host to unlock
the keyboard before further processing the string.)

\b Left
\exxxx EBCDIC character in hex
\f Clear*
\n Enter*
\pan PA(n)*
\pfnn PF(nn)*
\r Newline
\t Tab
\T BackTab
\uxxxx Unicode character in hex
\xxxxx Unicode character in hex

Note that the numeric values for the \e, \u and \x sequences can be abbreviated to
2 digits. Note also that EBCDIC codes greater than 255 and some Unicode character
codes represent DBCS characters, which will work only if x3270 is built with DBCS
support and the host allows DBCS input in the current field.

An example keymap entry would be:
Meta<Key>p: String("probs clearrdr\n")

Note: The strings are in ASCII and converted to EBCDIC, so beware of inserting
control codes. Also, a backslash before a p may need to be doubled so it will not
be removed when a resource file is read.

There is also an alternate form of the String action, HexString, which is used to
enter non-printing data. The argument to HexString is a string of hexadecimal
digits, two per character. A leading 0x or 0X is optional. In 3270 mode, the
hexadecimal data represent EBCDIC characters, which are entered into the current
field. In NVT mode, the hexadecimal data represent ASCII characters, which are
sent directly to the host.

The Script Action
This action causes x3270 to start a child process which can execute x3270 actions.
Standard input and output from the child process are piped back to x3270. The
Script action is fully documented in x3270-script(1).

The macros Resource
An alternate method of defining macros is the "x3270.macros" resource. This
resource is similar to a keymap, but instead of defining keyboard mappings, it
associates a list of X actions with a name. These names are displayed on a Macros
menu that appears when x3270 is connected to a host. Selecting one of the names on
the menu executes the X actions associated with it. Typically the actions are
String calls, but any action may be specified. Here is a sample macros resource
definition, which would result in a four-entry Macros menu:
x3270.macros: \
log off: String("logout\n")\n\
vtam: String("dial vtam\n")\n\
pa1: PA(1)\n\
alt printer: PrintText("lpr -Plw2")

You can also define a different set of macros for each host. If there is a
resource named `x3270.macros.somehost', it defines the macros menu for when x3270
is connected to somehost.

The -script Option
This facility allows x3270 to operate under the complete control of a script.
x3270 accepts actions from standard input, and prints results on standard output.
The -script option is fully documented in x3270-script(1).

COMPOSITE CHARACTERS

x3270 allows the direct entry of accented letters and special symbols. Pressing and
releasing the "Compose" key, followed by two other keys, causes entry of the symbol
combining those two keys. For example, "Compose" followed by the "C" key and the ","
(comma) key, enters the "C-cedilla" symbol. A C on the status line indicates a pending
composite character.

The mappings between these pairs of ordinary keys and the symbols they represent is
controlled by the "x3270.composeMap" resource; it gives the name of the map to use. The
maps themselves are named "x3270.composeMap.name". The default is "latin1", which gives
mappings for most of the symbols in the ISO 8859-1 Latin-1 character set that are not in
the 7-bit ASCII character set.

Note: The default keymap defines the "Multi_key" keysym as the "Compose" key. If your
keyboard lacks such a key, you may set up your own "Compose" key with a keymap that maps
some other keysym onto the Compose action.

APL SUPPORT

x3270 supports the full APL2 character set and the entry of APL characters from the
keyboard.

APL characters are supported only in the special 3270 font.

Keyboard entry of APL characters is supported through the apl keymap modifier. This
modifier defines the "Alt" key as an APL shift key, with a typical APL keyboard layout,
e.g., "Alt" pressed with the A key results in the APL "alpha" symbol. Overstruck
characters such as "quad-quote" are not defined as single keystrokes; instead they are
entered as composites (see COMPOSITE CHARACTERS above). A special composite map, apl, is
provided for this purpose.

Note: Some keyboards do not define the "Alt" key as a modifier, so keymaps that use the
"Alt" key will not function. On a Sun for example, this can be remedied with the command:

xmodmap -e "add mod2 = Alt_L"

For convenience, an -apl option is defined, which is an abbreviation for the following
resource definitions:
x3270.keymap: your_keymap_name,apl
x3270.charset: apl
x3270.composeMap: apl

There are a number of APL characters that are similar in appearance to non-APL characters.
In particular, the APL "stile", "slope," "tilde" and "quotedot" characters are similar to
the EBCDIC "bar", "backslash," "tilde" and "exclaim" characters. The APL characters are
entered with the "Alt" key, and have slightly different appearances.

The complete list of special APL keysyms is as follows. Entries marked with an asterisk
(*) represent simple aliases for standard EBCDIC characters. Entries marked with an (S)
represent Sharp APL charatcers.

APL Symbol Hex x3270 apl_ x3270 Key x3270 Composed
Keysym Keys
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
A underbar 41 Aunderbar Alt-A A + underbar
alpha B0 alpha Alt-a
B underbar 42 Bunderbar Alt-B B + underbar
bar 60* bar -
brace left C0 braceleft Alt-{
brace right D0 braceright Alt-}
C underbar 43 Cunderbar Alt-C C + underbar
circle 9D circle Alt-o
circle bar ED circlebar circle + bar
circle slope CF circleslope circle + slope
circle star FD circlestar circle + star
circle stile CD circlestile circle + stile
colon 7A* colon :
comma 6B* comma ,
comma bar (S) E5 commabar comma + bar
D underbar 44 Dunderbar Alt-D D + underbar
del BA del Alt-g
del stile DC delstile del + stile
del tilde FB deltilde del + tilde
delta BB delta Alt-h
delta stile DD deltastile delta + stile
delta underbar FC deltaunderbar delta + underbar
diamond 70 diamond up caret + down
caret
dieresis 72 dieresis Alt-1
dieresis circle E5 dieresiscircle dieresis +
(S) circle
dieresis dot EC dieresisdot dieresis + dot
dieresis jot (S) E4 dieresisjot dieresis + jot
divide B8 divide Alt-+
dot 4B* dot
down arrow 8B downarrow Alt-u
down caret 78 downcaret Alt-9
down caret tilde CB downcarettilde down caret +
tilde
down shoe AB downshoe Alt-v
down stile 8E downstile Alt-d
down tack AC downtack Alt-b
down tack jot FE downtackjot down tack + jot
down tack up DA downtackuptack down tack + up
tack tack
E underbar 45 Eunderbar Alt-E E + underbar
epsilon B1 epsilon Alt-e
epsilon underbar 75 epsilonunderbar epsilon +
underbar
equal 7E* equal "="
equal underbar E1 equalunderbar equal + underbar
euro (S) E7 euro C + =
F underbar 46 Funderbar Alt-F F + underbar
G underbar 47 Gunderbar Alt-G G + underbar
greater 6E* greater >
H underbar 48 Hunderbar Alt-H H + underbar
I underbar 49 Iunderbar Alt-I I + underbar
iota B2 iota Alt-i
iota underbar 74 iotaunderbar iota + underbar
J underbar 51 Junderbar Alt-J J + underbar
jot AF jot alt-j
K underbar 52 Kunderbar Alt-K K + underbar
L underbar 53 Lunderbar Alt-L L + underbar
left arrow 9F leftarrow Alt-[
left bracket AD leftbracket [
left paren 4D* leftparen (
left shoe 9B leftshoe Alt-z
less 4C* less <
M underbar 54 Munderbar Alt-M M + underbar
N underbar 55 Nunderbar Alt-N N + underbar
not equal BE notequal Alt-8 equal + slash
not greater 8C notgreater Alt-4 less + equal
not less AE notless Alt-6 greater + equal

O underbar 56 Ounderbar Alt-O O + underbar
omega B4 omega Alt-w
overbar A0 overbar Alt-2
P underbar 57 Punderbar Alt-P P + underbar
plus 4E* plus +
Q underbar 58 Qunderbar Alt-Q Q + underbar
quad 90 quad Alt-l
quad divide EE quaddivide quad + divide
quad jot 73 quadjot quad + jot
quad quote DE quadquote quad + quote
quad slope CE quadslope quad + slope
query 6F* query ?
quote 7D* quote
quote dot DB quotedot quote + dot
R underbar 59 Runderbar Alt-R R + underbar
rho B3 rho Alt-r
right arrow 8F rightarrow Alt-]
right bracket BD rightbracket ]
right paren 5D* rightparen )
right shoe 9A rightshoe Alt-x
S underbar 62 Sunderbar Alt-S S + underbar
semicolon 5E* semicolon ;
slash 61* slash /
slash bar EA slashbar slash + bar
slope B7 slope Alt-\
slope bar EB slopebar slope + bar
squad CC squad quad + quad
star 5C* star *
stile BF stile Alt-|
T underbar 63 Tunderbar Alt-T T + underbar
tilde 80 tilde Alt-~
times B6 times Alt-=
U underbar 64 Uunderbar Alt-U U + underbar
underbar 6D* underbar "_"
up arrow 8A uparrow Alt-y
up caret 71 upcaret Alt-0
up caret tilde CA upcarettilde up caret + tilde
up shoe AA upshoe Alt-c
up shoe jot DF upshoejot up shoe + jot
up stile 8D upstile Alt-s
up tack BC uptack Alt-n
up tack jot EF uptackjot up tack + jot
V underbar 65 Vunderbar Alt-V V + underbar
W underbar 66 Wunderbar Alt-W W + underbar
X underbar 67 Xunderbar Alt-X X + underbar
Y underbar 68 Yunderbar Alt-Y Y + underbar
Z underbar 69 Zunderbar Alt-Z Z + underbar

XIM SUPPORT

When compiled with DBCS support, x3270 supports multi-byte input methods via the XIM
protocol.

The input method is selected by the XMODIFIERS environment variable or the -im command-
line option.

The preedit type is specified by the -pt command-line option, with a default of
OverTheSpot+1.

SCREEN PRINTING

Screen printing is handled through options on the File menu or by the PrintText and
PrintWindow actions. Each results in a pop-up to confirm the print command.

The PrintText action (usually assigned to the key <Meta>p) sends the current screen image
to the printer as ASCII characters. The default command used to print the data is
controlled by the "x3270.printTextCommand" resource; the default is lpr. You may also use
a keymap definition to pass a print command the PrintText action itself. The command
receives the screen text as its standard input. For example, the following keymap will
save the screen text in a file:

Meta<Key>f: PrintText("cat >screen.image")

Note: HardPrint is an alias for PrintText.

The PrintWindow action (usually assigned to the key <Meta>b) sends the current screen
image to the printer as a bitmap. The default command used to print the data is
controlled by the "x3270.printWindowCommand" resource; the default is

xwd -id %d | xpr | lpr.

You may also use a keymap definition to pass a print command to the PrintWindow action
itself. If the command contains the text "%d", the window ID of x3270 will be substituted
before it is run. For example, the following keymap will pop up a duplicate of the
current screen image:

Meta<Key>g: PrintWindow("xwd -id %d | xwud &")

If the command for PrintWindow or PrintText begins with an "@" character, the initial pop-
up menu to confirm the print command is not displayed and the command cannot be edited.

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