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NAME

perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones

THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY

Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described below, and all
end in .pm. You may discover compiled library files (usually ending in .so) or small
pieces of modules to be autoloaded (ending in .al); these were automatically generated by
the installation process. You may also discover files in the library directory that end
in either .pl or .ph. These are old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them
still run. The .pl files will all eventually be converted into standard modules, and the
.ph files made by h2ph will probably end up as extension modules made by h2xs. (Some .ph
values may already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.) The pl2pm
file in the distribution may help in your conversion, but it's just a mechanical process
and therefore far from bulletproof.

Pragmatic Modules
They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they tend to affect the
compilation of your program, and thus will usually work well only when used within a
"use", or "no". Most of these are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand
them by saying:

no integer;
no strict 'refs';
no warnings;

which lasts until the end of that BLOCK.

Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the $^H hints variable.
Others affect the current package instead, like "use vars" and "use subs", which allow you
to predeclare a variables or subroutines within a particular file rather than just a
block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file for which they were declared.
You cannot rescind them with "no vars" or "no subs".

The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation).

arybase Set indexing base via $[

attributes Get/set subroutine or variable attributes

autodie Replace functions with ones that succeed or die with lexical scope

autodie::exception
Exceptions from autodying functions.

autodie::exception::system
Exceptions from autodying system().

autodie::hints
Provide hints about user subroutines to autodie

autodie::skip
Skip a package when throwing autodie exceptions

autouse Postpone load of modules until a function is used

base Establish an ISA relationship with base classes at compile time

bigint Transparent BigInteger support for Perl

bignum Transparent BigNumber support for Perl

bigrat Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl

blib Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package

bytes Force byte semantics rather than character semantics

charnames Access to Unicode character names and named character sequences; also define
character names

constant Declare constants

deprecate Perl pragma for deprecating the core version of a module

diagnostics Produce verbose warning diagnostics

encoding Allows you to write your script in non-ASCII and non-UTF-8

encoding::warnings
Warn on implicit encoding conversions

experimental
Experimental features made easy

feature Enable new features

fields Compile-time class fields

filetest Control the filetest permission operators

if "use" a Perl module if a condition holds (also can "no" a module)

integer Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point

less Request less of something

lib Manipulate @INC at compile time

locale Use or avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations

mro Method Resolution Order

ok Alternative to Test::More::use_ok

open Set default PerlIO layers for input and output

ops Restrict unsafe operations when compiling

overload Package for overloading Perl operations

overloading Lexically control overloading

parent Establish an ISA relationship with base classes at compile time

re Alter regular expression behaviour

sigtrap Enable simple signal handling

sort Control sort() behaviour

strict Restrict unsafe constructs

subs Predeclare sub names

threads Perl interpreter-based threads

threads::shared
Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads

utf8 Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code

vars Predeclare global variable names

version Perl extension for Version Objects

vmsish Control VMS-specific language features

warnings::register
Warnings import function

Standard Modules
Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined manner with respect
to namespace pollution because they use the Exporter module. See their own documentation
for details.

It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your system. For example,
the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you don't have the gdbm library.

AnyDBM_File Provide framework for multiple DBMs

App::Cpan Easily interact with CPAN from the command line

App::Prove Implements the "prove" command.

App::Prove::State
State storage for the "prove" command.

App::Prove::State::Result
Individual test suite results.

App::Prove::State::Result::Test
Individual test results.

Archive::Tar
Module for manipulations of tar archives

Archive::Tar::File
A subclass for in-memory extracted file from Archive::Tar

Attribute::Handlers
Simpler definition of attribute handlers

AutoLoader Load subroutines only on demand

AutoSplit Split a package for autoloading

B The Perl Compiler Backend

B::Concise Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops

B::Debug Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops

B::Deparse Perl compiler backend to produce perl code

B::Op_private
OP op_private flag definitions

B::Showlex Show lexical variables used in functions or files

B::Terse Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops

B::Xref Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs

Benchmark Benchmark running times of Perl code

"IO::Socket::IP"
Family-neutral IP socket supporting both IPv4 and IPv6

"Socket" Networking constants and support functions

CORE Namespace for Perl's core routines

CPAN Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites

CPAN::API::HOWTO
A recipe book for programming with CPAN.pm

CPAN::Debug Internal debugging for CPAN.pm

CPAN::Distroprefs
Read and match distroprefs

CPAN::FirstTime
Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization

CPAN::HandleConfig
Internal configuration handling for CPAN.pm

CPAN::Kwalify
Interface between CPAN.pm and Kwalify.pm

CPAN::Meta The distribution metadata for a CPAN dist

CPAN::Meta::Converter
Convert CPAN distribution metadata structures

CPAN::Meta::Feature
An optional feature provided by a CPAN distribution

CPAN::Meta::History
History of CPAN Meta Spec changes

CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_0
Version 1.0 metadata specification for META.yml

CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_1
Version 1.1 metadata specification for META.yml

CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_2
Version 1.2 metadata specification for META.yml

CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_3
Version 1.3 metadata specification for META.yml

CPAN::Meta::History::Meta_1_4
Version 1.4 metadata specification for META.yml

CPAN::Meta::Merge
Merging CPAN Meta fragments

CPAN::Meta::Prereqs
A set of distribution prerequisites by phase and type

CPAN::Meta::Requirements
A set of version requirements for a CPAN dist

CPAN::Meta::Spec
Specification for CPAN distribution metadata

CPAN::Meta::Validator
Validate CPAN distribution metadata structures

CPAN::Meta::YAML
Read and write a subset of YAML for CPAN Meta files

CPAN::Nox Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module

CPAN::Plugin
Base class for CPAN shell extensions

CPAN::Plugin::Specfile
Proof of concept implementation of a trivial CPAN::Plugin

CPAN::Queue Internal queue support for CPAN.pm

CPAN::Tarzip
Internal handling of tar archives for CPAN.pm

CPAN::Version
Utility functions to compare CPAN versions

Carp Alternative warn and die for modules

Class::Struct
Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes

Compress::Raw::Bzip2
Low-Level Interface to bzip2 compression library

Compress::Raw::Zlib
Low-Level Interface to zlib compression library

Compress::Zlib
Interface to zlib compression library

Config Access Perl configuration information

Config::Perl::V
Structured data retrieval of perl -V output

Cwd Get pathname of current working directory

DB Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API

DBM_Filter Filter DBM keys/values

DBM_Filter::compress
Filter for DBM_Filter

DBM_Filter::encode
Filter for DBM_Filter

DBM_Filter::int32
Filter for DBM_Filter

DBM_Filter::null
Filter for DBM_Filter

DBM_Filter::utf8
Filter for DBM_Filter

DB_File Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x

Data::Dumper
Stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and "eval"

Devel::PPPort
Perl/Pollution/Portability

Devel::Peek A data debugging tool for the XS programmer

Devel::SelfStubber
Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module

Digest Modules that calculate message digests

Digest::MD5 Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm

Digest::SHA Perl extension for SHA-1/224/256/384/512

Digest::base
Digest base class

Digest::file
Calculate digests of files

DirHandle Supply object methods for directory handles

Dumpvalue Provides screen dump of Perl data.

DynaLoader Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code

Encode Character encodings in Perl

Encode::Alias
Alias definitions to encodings

Encode::Byte
Single Byte Encodings

Encode::CJKConstants
Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*

Encode::CN China-based Chinese Encodings

Encode::CN::HZ
Internally used by Encode::CN

Encode::Config
Internally used by Encode

Encode::EBCDIC
EBCDIC Encodings

Encode::Encoder
Object Oriented Encoder

Encode::Encoding
Encode Implementation Base Class

Encode::GSM0338
ESTI GSM 03.38 Encoding

Encode::Guess
Guesses encoding from data

Encode::JP Japanese Encodings

Encode::JP::H2Z
Internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*

Encode::JP::JIS7
Internally used by Encode::JP

Encode::KR Korean Encodings

Encode::KR::2022_KR
Internally used by Encode::KR

Encode::MIME::Header
MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding

Encode::MIME::Name
Internally used by Encode

Encode::PerlIO
A detailed document on Encode and PerlIO

Encode::Supported
Encodings supported by Encode

Encode::Symbol
Symbol Encodings

Encode::TW Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings

Encode::Unicode
Various Unicode Transformation Formats

Encode::Unicode::UTF7
UTF-7 encoding

English Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables

Env Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays

Errno System errno constants

Exporter Implements default import method for modules

Exporter::Heavy
Exporter guts

ExtUtils::CBuilder
Compile and link C code for Perl modules

ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows
Builder class for Windows platforms

ExtUtils::Command
Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc.

ExtUtils::Command::MM
Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles

ExtUtils::Constant
Generate XS code to import C header constants

ExtUtils::Constant::Base
Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects

ExtUtils::Constant::Utils
Helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant

ExtUtils::Constant::XS
Generate C code for XS modules' constants.

ExtUtils::Embed
Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications

ExtUtils::Install
Install files from here to there

ExtUtils::Installed
Inventory management of installed modules

ExtUtils::Liblist
Determine libraries to use and how to use them

ExtUtils::MM
OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass

ExtUtils::MM_AIX
AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix

ExtUtils::MM_Any
Platform-agnostic MM methods

ExtUtils::MM_BeOS
Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin
Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

ExtUtils::MM_DOS
DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix

ExtUtils::MM_Darwin
Special behaviors for OS X

ExtUtils::MM_MacOS
Once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic

ExtUtils::MM_NW5
Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

ExtUtils::MM_OS2
Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

ExtUtils::MM_QNX
QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix

ExtUtils::MM_UWIN
U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix

ExtUtils::MM_Unix
Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker

ExtUtils::MM_VMS
Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

ExtUtils::MM_VOS
VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix

ExtUtils::MM_Win32
Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

ExtUtils::MM_Win95
Method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X

ExtUtils::MY
ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization

ExtUtils::MakeMaker
Create a module Makefile

ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config
Wrapper around Config.pm

ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker

ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Locale
Bundled Encode::Locale

ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial
Writing a module with MakeMaker

ExtUtils::Manifest
Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file

ExtUtils::Miniperl
Write the C code for perlmain.c

ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap
Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader

ExtUtils::Mksymlists
Write linker options files for dynamic extension

ExtUtils::Packlist
Manage .packlist files

ExtUtils::ParseXS
Converts Perl XS code into C code

ExtUtils::ParseXS::Constants
Initialization values for some globals

ExtUtils::ParseXS::Eval
Clean package to evaluate code in

ExtUtils::ParseXS::Utilities
Subroutines used with ExtUtils::ParseXS

ExtUtils::Typemaps
Read/Write/Modify Perl/XS typemap files

ExtUtils::Typemaps::Cmd
Quick commands for handling typemaps

ExtUtils::Typemaps::InputMap
Entry in the INPUT section of a typemap

ExtUtils::Typemaps::OutputMap
Entry in the OUTPUT section of a typemap

ExtUtils::Typemaps::Type
Entry in the TYPEMAP section of a typemap

ExtUtils::XSSymSet
Keep sets of symbol names palatable to the VMS linker

ExtUtils::testlib
Add blib/* directories to @INC

Fatal Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die

Fcntl Load the C Fcntl.h defines

File::Basename
Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix.

File::Compare
Compare files or filehandles

File::Copy Copy files or filehandles

File::DosGlob
DOS like globbing and then some

File::Fetch A generic file fetching mechanism

File::Find Traverse a directory tree.

File::Glob Perl extension for BSD glob routine

File::GlobMapper
Extend File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files

File::Path Create or remove directory trees

File::Spec Portably perform operations on file names

File::Spec::Cygwin
Methods for Cygwin file specs

File::Spec::Epoc
Methods for Epoc file specs

File::Spec::Functions
Portably perform operations on file names

File::Spec::Mac
File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)

File::Spec::OS2
Methods for OS/2 file specs

File::Spec::Unix
File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules

File::Spec::VMS
Methods for VMS file specs

File::Spec::Win32
Methods for Win32 file specs

File::Temp Return name and handle of a temporary file safely

File::stat By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions

FileCache Keep more files open than the system permits

FileHandle Supply object methods for filehandles

Filter::Simple
Simplified source filtering

Filter::Util::Call
Perl Source Filter Utility Module

FindBin Locate directory of original perl script

GDBM_File Perl5 access to the gdbm library.

Getopt::Long
Extended processing of command line options

Getopt::Std Process single-character switches with switch clustering

HTTP::Tiny A small, simple, correct HTTP/1.1 client

Hash::Util A selection of general-utility hash subroutines

Hash::Util::FieldHash
Support for Inside-Out Classes

I18N::Collate
Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale

I18N::LangTags
Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags

I18N::LangTags::Detect
Detect the user's language preferences

I18N::LangTags::List
Tags and names for human languages

I18N::Langinfo
Query locale information

IO Load various IO modules

IO::Compress::Base
Base Class for IO::Compress modules

IO::Compress::Bzip2
Write bzip2 files/buffers

IO::Compress::Deflate
Write RFC 1950 files/buffers

IO::Compress::FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions about IO::Compress

IO::Compress::Gzip
Write RFC 1952 files/buffers

IO::Compress::RawDeflate
Write RFC 1951 files/buffers

IO::Compress::Zip
Write zip files/buffers

IO::Dir Supply object methods for directory handles

IO::File Supply object methods for filehandles

IO::Handle Supply object methods for I/O handles

IO::Pipe Supply object methods for pipes

IO::Poll Object interface to system poll call

IO::Seekable
Supply seek based methods for I/O objects

IO::Select OO interface to the select system call

IO::Socket Object interface to socket communications

IO::Socket::INET
Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets

IO::Socket::UNIX
Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets

IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate
Uncompress zlib-based (zip, gzip) file/buffer

IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress
Uncompress gzip, zip, bzip2 or lzop file/buffer

IO::Uncompress::Base
Base Class for IO::Uncompress modules

IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2
Read bzip2 files/buffers

IO::Uncompress::Gunzip
Read RFC 1952 files/buffers

IO::Uncompress::Inflate
Read RFC 1950 files/buffers

IO::Uncompress::RawInflate
Read RFC 1951 files/buffers

IO::Uncompress::Unzip
Read zip files/buffers

IO::Zlib IO:: style interface to Compress::Zlib

IPC::Cmd Finding and running system commands made easy

IPC::Msg SysV Msg IPC object class

IPC::Open2 Open a process for both reading and writing using open2()

IPC::Open3 Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling using open3()

IPC::Semaphore
SysV Semaphore IPC object class

IPC::SharedMem
SysV Shared Memory IPC object class

IPC::SysV System V IPC constants and system calls

JSON::PP JSON::XS compatible pure-Perl module.

JSON::PP::Boolean
Dummy module providing JSON::PP::Boolean

List::Util A selection of general-utility list subroutines

List::Util::XS
Indicate if List::Util was compiled with a C compiler

Locale::Codes
A distribution of modules to handle locale codes

Locale::Codes::API
A description of the callable function in each module

Locale::Codes::Changes
Details changes to Locale::Codes

Locale::Codes::Constants
Constants for Locale codes

Locale::Codes::Country
Standard codes for country identification

Locale::Codes::Currency
Standard codes for currency identification

Locale::Codes::LangExt
Standard codes for language extension identification

Locale::Codes::LangFam
Standard codes for language extension identification

Locale::Codes::LangFam_Retired
Retired langfam codes for the Locale::Codes::LangFam module

Locale::Codes::LangVar
Standard codes for language variation identification

Locale::Codes::Language
Standard codes for language identification

Locale::Codes::Script
Standard codes for script identification

Locale::Country
Standard codes for country identification

Locale::Currency
Standard codes for currency identification

Locale::Language
Standard codes for language identification

Locale::Maketext
Framework for localization

Locale::Maketext::Cookbook
Recipes for using Locale::Maketext

Locale::Maketext::Guts
Deprecated module to load Locale::Maketext utf8 code

Locale::Maketext::GutsLoader
Deprecated module to load Locale::Maketext utf8 code

Locale::Maketext::Simple
Simple interface to Locale::Maketext::Lexicon

Locale::Maketext::TPJ13
Article about software localization

Locale::Script
Standard codes for script identification

MIME::Base64
Encoding and decoding of base64 strings

MIME::QuotedPrint
Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings

Math::BigFloat
Arbitrary size floating point math package

Math::BigInt
Arbitrary size integer/float math package

Math::BigInt::Calc
Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt

Math::BigInt::CalcEmu
Emulate low-level math with BigInt code

Math::BigInt::FastCalc
Math::BigInt::Calc with some XS for more speed

Math::BigRat
Arbitrary big rational numbers

Math::Complex
Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions

Math::Trig Trigonometric functions

Memoize Make functions faster by trading space for time

Memoize::AnyDBM_File
Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use

Memoize::Expire
Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values

Memoize::ExpireFile
Test for Memoize expiration semantics

Memoize::ExpireTest
Test for Memoize expiration semantics

Memoize::NDBM_File
Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use

Memoize::SDBM_File
Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use

Memoize::Storable
Store Memoized data in Storable database

Module::CoreList
What modules shipped with versions of perl

Module::CoreList::Utils
What utilities shipped with versions of perl

Module::Load
Runtime require of both modules and files

Module::Load::Conditional
Looking up module information / loading at runtime

Module::Loaded
Mark modules as loaded or unloaded

Module::Metadata
Gather package and POD information from perl module files

NDBM_File Tied access to ndbm files

NEXT Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method redispatch

Net::Cmd Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)

Net::Config Local configuration data for libnet

Net::Domain Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain

Net::FTP FTP Client class

Net::FTP::dataconn
FTP Client data connection class

Net::NNTP NNTP Client class

Net::Netrc OO interface to users netrc file

Net::POP3 Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)

Net::Ping Check a remote host for reachability

Net::SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client

Net::Time Time and daytime network client interface

Net::hostent
By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions

Net::libnetFAQ
Libnet Frequently Asked Questions

Net::netent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions

Net::protoent
By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions

Net::servent
By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions

O Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends

ODBM_File Tied access to odbm files

Opcode Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code

POSIX Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1

Params::Check
A generic input parsing/checking mechanism.

Parse::CPAN::Meta
Parse META.yml and META.json CPAN metadata files

Perl::OSType
Map Perl operating system names to generic types

PerlIO On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space

PerlIO::encoding
Encoding layer

PerlIO::mmap
Memory mapped IO

PerlIO::scalar
In-memory IO, scalar IO

PerlIO::via Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl

PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint
PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings

Pod::Escapes
For resolving Pod E<...> sequences

Pod::Find Find POD documents in directory trees

Pod::Functions
Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod

Pod::Html Module to convert pod files to HTML

Pod::InputObjects
Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc.

Pod::Man Convert POD data to formatted *roff input

Pod::ParseLink
Parse an L<> formatting code in POD text

Pod::ParseUtils
Helpers for POD parsing and conversion

Pod::Parser Base class for creating POD filters and translators

Pod::Perldoc
Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.

Pod::Perldoc::BaseTo
Base for Pod::Perldoc formatters

Pod::Perldoc::GetOptsOO
Customized option parser for Pod::Perldoc

Pod::Perldoc::ToANSI
Render Pod with ANSI color escapes

Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker
Let Perldoc check Pod for errors

Pod::Perldoc::ToMan
Let Perldoc render Pod as man pages

Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff
Let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff

Pod::Perldoc::ToPod
Let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!

Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf
Let Perldoc render Pod as RTF

Pod::Perldoc::ToTerm
Render Pod with terminal escapes

Pod::Perldoc::ToText
Let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext

Pod::Perldoc::ToTk
Let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod

Pod::Perldoc::ToXml
Let Perldoc render Pod as XML

Pod::PlainText
Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text

Pod::Select Extract selected sections of POD from input

Pod::Simple Framework for parsing Pod

Pod::Simple::Checker
Check the Pod syntax of a document

Pod::Simple::Debug
Put Pod::Simple into trace/debug mode

Pod::Simple::DumpAsText
Dump Pod-parsing events as text

Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML
Turn Pod into XML

Pod::Simple::HTML
Convert Pod to HTML

Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch
Convert several Pod files to several HTML files

Pod::Simple::LinkSection
Represent "section" attributes of L codes

Pod::Simple::Methody
Turn Pod::Simple events into method calls

Pod::Simple::PullParser
A pull-parser interface to parsing Pod

Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken
End-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser

Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken
Start-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser

Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken
Text-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser

Pod::Simple::PullParserToken
Tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser

Pod::Simple::RTF
Format Pod as RTF

Pod::Simple::Search
Find POD documents in directory trees

Pod::Simple::SimpleTree
Parse Pod into a simple parse tree

Pod::Simple::Subclassing
Write a formatter as a Pod::Simple subclass

Pod::Simple::Text
Format Pod as plaintext

Pod::Simple::TextContent
Get the text content of Pod

Pod::Simple::XHTML
Format Pod as validating XHTML

Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream
Turn Pod into XML

Pod::Text Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text

Pod::Text::Color
Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text

Pod::Text::Termcap
Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes

Pod::Usage Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation

SDBM_File Tied access to sdbm files

Safe Compile and execute code in restricted compartments

Scalar::Util
A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines

Search::Dict
Look - search for key in dictionary file

SelectSaver Save and restore selected file handle

SelfLoader Load functions only on demand

Storable Persistence for Perl data structures

Sub::Util A selection of utility subroutines for subs and CODE references

Symbol Manipulate Perl symbols and their names

Sys::Hostname
Try every conceivable way to get hostname

Sys::Syslog Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls

Sys::Syslog::Win32
Win32 support for Sys::Syslog

TAP::Base Base class that provides common functionality to TAP::Parser

TAP::Formatter::Base
Base class for harness output delegates

TAP::Formatter::Color
Run Perl test scripts with color

TAP::Formatter::Console
Harness output delegate for default console output

TAP::Formatter::Console::ParallelSession
Harness output delegate for parallel console output

TAP::Formatter::Console::Session
Harness output delegate for default console output

TAP::Formatter::File
Harness output delegate for file output

TAP::Formatter::File::Session
Harness output delegate for file output

TAP::Formatter::Session
Abstract base class for harness output delegate

TAP::Harness
Run test scripts with statistics

TAP::Harness::Env
Parsing harness related environmental variables where appropriate

TAP::Object Base class that provides common functionality to all "TAP::*" modules

TAP::Parser Parse TAP output

TAP::Parser::Aggregator
Aggregate TAP::Parser results

TAP::Parser::Grammar
A grammar for the Test Anything Protocol.

TAP::Parser::Iterator
Base class for TAP source iterators

TAP::Parser::Iterator::Array
Iterator for array-based TAP sources

TAP::Parser::Iterator::Process
Iterator for process-based TAP sources

TAP::Parser::Iterator::Stream
Iterator for filehandle-based TAP sources

TAP::Parser::IteratorFactory
Figures out which SourceHandler objects to use for a given Source

TAP::Parser::Multiplexer
Multiplex multiple TAP::Parsers

TAP::Parser::Result
Base class for TAP::Parser output objects

TAP::Parser::Result::Bailout
Bailout result token.

TAP::Parser::Result::Comment
Comment result token.

TAP::Parser::Result::Plan
Plan result token.

TAP::Parser::Result::Pragma
TAP pragma token.

TAP::Parser::Result::Test
Test result token.

TAP::Parser::Result::Unknown
Unknown result token.

TAP::Parser::Result::Version
TAP syntax version token.

TAP::Parser::Result::YAML
YAML result token.

TAP::Parser::ResultFactory
Factory for creating TAP::Parser output objects

TAP::Parser::Scheduler
Schedule tests during parallel testing

TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Job
A single testing job.

TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Spinner
A no-op job.

TAP::Parser::Source
A TAP source & meta data about it

TAP::Parser::SourceHandler
Base class for different TAP source handlers

TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Executable
Stream output from an executable TAP source

TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::File
Stream TAP from a text file.

TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Handle
Stream TAP from an IO::Handle or a GLOB.

TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Perl
Stream TAP from a Perl executable

TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::RawTAP
Stream output from raw TAP in a scalar/array ref.

TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Reader
Read YAMLish data from iterator

TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Writer
Write YAMLish data

Term::ANSIColor
Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences

Term::Cap Perl termcap interface

Term::Complete
Perl word completion module

Term::ReadLine
Perl interface to various "readline" packages.

Test Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts

Test::Builder
Backend for building test libraries

Test::Builder::IO::Scalar
A copy of IO::Scalar for Test::Builder

Test::Builder::Module
Base class for test modules

Test::Builder::Tester
Test testsuites that have been built with

Test::Builder::Tester::Color
Turn on colour in Test::Builder::Tester

Test::Harness
Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics

Test::Harness::Beyond
Beyond make test

Test::More Yet another framework for writing test scripts

Test::Simple
Basic utilities for writing tests.

Test::Tester
Ease testing test modules built with Test::Builder

Test::Tester::Capture
Help testing test modules built with Test::Builder

Test::Tester::CaptureRunner
Help testing test modules built with Test::Builder

Test::Tutorial
A tutorial about writing really basic tests

Test::use::ok
Alternative to Test::More::use_ok

Text::Abbrev
Abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list

Text::Balanced
Extract delimited text sequences from strings.

Text::ParseWords
Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays

Text::Tabs Expand and unexpand tabs like unix expand(1) and unexpand(1)

Text::Wrap Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs

Thread Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)

Thread::Queue
Thread-safe queues

Thread::Semaphore
Thread-safe semaphores

Tie::Array Base class for tied arrays

Tie::File Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array

Tie::Handle Base class definitions for tied handles

Tie::Hash Base class definitions for tied hashes

Tie::Hash::NamedCapture
Named regexp capture buffers

Tie::Memoize
Add data to hash when needed

Tie::RefHash
Use references as hash keys

Tie::Scalar Base class definitions for tied scalars

Tie::StdHandle
Base class definitions for tied handles

Tie::SubstrHash
Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing

Time::HiRes High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers

Time::Local Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time

Time::Piece Object Oriented time objects

Time::Seconds
A simple API to convert seconds to other date values

Time::gmtime
By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function

Time::localtime
By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function

Time::tm Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime

UNIVERSAL Base class for ALL classes (blessed references)

Unicode::Collate
Unicode Collation Algorithm

Unicode::Collate::CJK::Big5
Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs

Unicode::Collate::CJK::GB2312
Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs

Unicode::Collate::CJK::JISX0208
Weighting JIS KANJI for Unicode::Collate

Unicode::Collate::CJK::Korean
Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs

Unicode::Collate::CJK::Pinyin
Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs

Unicode::Collate::CJK::Stroke
Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs

Unicode::Collate::CJK::Zhuyin
Weighting CJK Unified Ideographs

Unicode::Collate::Locale
Linguistic tailoring for DUCET via Unicode::Collate

Unicode::Normalize
Unicode Normalization Forms

Unicode::UCD
Unicode character database

User::grent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions

User::pwent By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions

VMS::DCLsym Perl extension to manipulate DCL symbols

VMS::Filespec
Convert between VMS and Unix file specification syntax

VMS::Stdio Standard I/O functions via VMS extensions

Win32 Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions

Win32API::File
Low-level access to Win32 system API calls for files/dirs.

Win32CORE Win32 CORE function stubs

XS::APItest Test the perl C API

XS::Typemap Module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl

XSLoader Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code

autodie::Scope::Guard
Wrapper class for calling subs at end of scope

autodie::Scope::GuardStack
Hook stack for managing scopes via %^H

autodie::ScopeUtil
Utilities for managing %^H scopes

version::Internals
Perl extension for Version Objects

To find out all modules installed on your system, including those without documentation or
outside the standard release, just use the following command (under the default win32
shell, double quotes should be used instead of single quotes).

% perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \
'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ },
no_chdir => 1 }, @INC'

(The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.) They should all have their own
documentation installed and accessible via your system man(1) command. If you do not have
a find program, you can use the Perl find2perl program instead, which generates Perl code
as output you can run through perl. If you have a man program but it doesn't find your
modules, you'll have to fix your manpath. See perl for details. If you have no system
man command, you might try the perldoc program.

Note also that the command "perldoc perllocal" gives you a (possibly incomplete) list of
the modules that have been further installed on your system. (The perllocal.pod file is
updated by the standard MakeMaker install process.)

Extension Modules
Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They are usually dynamically
loaded into Perl if and when you need them, but may also be linked in statically.
Supported extension modules include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX.

Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not completely) due to
their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time for adequate testing and configuration
across the multitude of platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to
look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines like Alta Vista or
Google.

CPAN

Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse

(The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules file, available at
your nearest CPAN site.)

Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a package doesn't imply the
presence of a class. A package is just a namespace. A class is a package that provides
subroutines that can be used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as
its first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods), or a reference to
something (for "virtual" methods).

A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same name (sans the .pm),
plus an import method in that class that can be called to fetch exported symbols. This
module may implement some of its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that
should be totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module might set
up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on demand, but this is also
transparent. Only the .pm file is required to exist. See perlsub, perlobj, and
AutoLoader for details about the AUTOLOAD mechanism.

Guidelines for Module Creation
· Do similar modules already exist in some form?

If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or by inheriting
useful features into a new class. If this is not practical try to get together with
the module authors to work on extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing
modules. A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing with
command line options.

If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of modules, please
coordinate with the author of the package. It helps if you follow the same naming
scheme and module interaction scheme as the original author.

· Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse.

Try to "use warnings;" (or "use warnings qw(...);"). Remember that you can add "no
warnings qw(...);" to individual blocks of code that need less warnings.

Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless into the class
name given as the first parameter of the constructor, e.g.,:

sub new {
my $class = shift;
return bless {}, $class;
}

or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static or a virtual method.

sub new {
my $self = shift;
my $class = ref($self) || $self;
return bless {}, $class;
}

Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later (it's also faster).
Convert functions into methods where appropriate. Split large methods into smaller
more flexible ones. Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate.

Avoid class name tests like: "die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'". Generally you
can delete the "eq 'FOO'" part with no harm at all. Let the objects look after
themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired class names as far as possible.

Avoid "$r->Class::func()" where using "@ISA=qw(... Class ...)" and "$r->func()" would
work.

Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a burden to programs
that don't use them. Add test functions to the module after __END__ either using
AutoSplit or by saying:

eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller();

Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say "@SUBCLASS::ISA =
qw(YOURCLASS);" your applications should be able to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same
way as YOURCLASS. For example, does your application still work if you change: "$obj
= YOURCLASS->new();" into: "$obj = SUBCLASS->new();" ?

Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it difficult for
multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state information in objects.

Always use -w.

Try to "use strict;" (or "use strict qw(...);"). Remember that you can add "no strict
qw(...);" to individual blocks of code that need less strictness.

Always use -w.

Follow the guidelines in perlstyle.

Always use -w.

· Some simple style guidelines

The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points.

Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their style over
several years as they learn what helps them write and maintain good code. Here's one
set of assorted suggestions that seem to be widely used by experienced developers:

Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read
$var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for non-native speakers of
English. It's also a simple rule that works consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS.

Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally reserves lowercase
module names for 'pragma' modules like integer and strict. Other modules normally
begin with a capital letter and use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short
and portable).

You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope or nature of a
variable. For example:

$ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars)
$Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static
$no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables

Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase. e.g.,
"$obj->as_string()".

You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or function should not be
used outside the package that defined it.

· Select what to export.

Do NOT export method names!

Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason!

Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must export try to use
@EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid short or common names to reduce the risk
of name clashes.

Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the module using the
ModuleName::item_name (or "$blessed_ref->method") syntax. By convention you can use a
leading underscore on names to indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not
for public use.

(It is actually possible to get private functions by saying: "my $subref = sub { ...
}; &$subref;". But there's no way to call that directly as a method, because a
method must have a name in the symbol table.)

As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented then export nothing.
If it's just a collection of functions then @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with
caution.

· Select a name for the module.

This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as possible. Avoid any
risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or more whole words. Generally the name
should reflect what is special about what the module does rather than how it does it.
Please use nested module names to group informally or categorize a module. There
should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name. Module names
should begin with a capital letter.

Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone (though having 23
called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-). Imagine someone trying to install
your module alongside many others. If in any doubt ask for suggestions in
comp.lang.perl.misc.

If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good practice to use
nested classes with a common prefix as this will avoid namespace clashes. For example:
Xyz::Control, Xyz::View, Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming
guide.

If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's standards for naming
modules and the interface to methods in those modules.

If developing modules for private internal or project specific use, that will never be
released to the public, then you should ensure that their names will not clash with
any future public module. You can do this either by using the reserved Local::*
category or by using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*.

To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to 11 characters. If
it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is unique in the first 8
characters. Nested modules make this easier.

· Have you got it right?

How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you picked an interface
design that will cause problems later? Have you picked the most appropriate name? Do
you have any questions?

The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions, is to ask someone
who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about all the people who develop
modules and it's the best place to ask.

All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its purpose and interfaces.
A few lines on each of the main methods is probably enough. (If you post the whole
module it might be ignored by busy people - generally the very people you want to read
it!)

Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be ready - just say so
in the message. It might be worth inviting others to help you, they may be able to
complete it for you!

· README and other Additional Files.

It's well known that software developers usually fully document the software they
write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of your software and there is not
enough time to write the full documentation please at least provide a README file
containing:

· A description of the module/package/extension etc.

· A copyright notice - see below.

· Prerequisites - what else you may need to have.

· How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc.

· How to install it.

· Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities

· Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future.

If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to split out some of the
sections into separate files: INSTALL, Copying, ToDo etc.

· Adding a Copyright Notice.

How you choose to license your work is a personal decision. The general mechanism
is to assert your Copyright and then make a declaration of how others may
copy/use/modify your work.

Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL and The
Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic, or perlgpl and
perlartistic). Larry has good reasons for NOT just using the GNU GPL.

My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the Perl community
at large is to state something simply like:

Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may also wish to
include it in a Copying file and your source files. Remember to include the other
words in addition to the Copyright.

· Give the module a version/issue/release number.

To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you should store
your module's version number in a non-my package variable called $VERSION. This
should be a positive floating point number with at least two digits after the
decimal (i.e., hundredths, e.g, "$VERSION = "0.01""). Don't use a "1.3.2" style
version. See Exporter for details.

It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number. Use the
number in announcements and archive file names when releasing the module
(ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z). See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details.

· How to release and distribute a module.

It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your module (or the
module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce Usenet newsgroup. This
will at least ensure very wide once-off distribution.

If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should include details of its
location in your announcement.

Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file name that
includes the version number. Most incoming directories will not be
readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your file after uploading it.
Remember to send your email notification message as soon as possible after
uploading else your file may get deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to
be processed and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its
location.

FTP Archives for Perl Modules:

Follow the instructions and links on:

http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html
http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html

or upload to one of these sites:

https://pause.kbx.de/pause/
http://pause.perl.org/

and notify <[email protected]>.

By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror your modules
from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on CPAN!

Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list!

· Take care when changing a released module.

Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions. Otherwise try
to add a mechanism to revert to the old behavior if people rely on it. Document
incompatible changes.

Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
· There is no requirement to convert anything.

If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should continue to work with
no problems. You may need to make some minor changes (like escaping non-array @'s in
double quoted strings) but there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for
just that.

· Consider the implications.

All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to be changed (slightly)
if the script is converted into a module. Is it worth it unless you plan to make
other changes at the same time?

· Make the most of the opportunity.

If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the opportunity to
redesign the interface. The guidelines for module creation above include many of the
issues you should consider.

· The pl2pm utility will get you started.

This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write corresponding *.pm
files. The pl2pm utilities does the following:

· Adds the standard Module prologue lines

· Converts package specifiers from ' to ::

· Converts die(...) to croak(...)

· Several other minor changes

Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted code will need
careful checking, especially any package statements. Don't delete the original .pl
file till the new .pm one works!

Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
· Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library.

· Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused.

Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy to reuse.

· Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files.

· Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces.

· In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small

fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases the application
could invoked as:

% perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ...
or
% perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher)

NOTE

Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may have been used to
in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl doesn't have an infatuation with
enforced privacy. It would prefer that you stayed out of its living room because you
weren't invited, not because it has a shotgun.

The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law, and part of which is
"written". Part of the common law contract is that a module doesn't pollute any namespace
it wasn't asked to. The written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make
other provisions. But then you know when you "use RedefineTheWorld" that you're
redefining the world and willing to take the consequences.

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