ืื ื’ืœื™ืชืฆืจืคืชื™ืชืกืคืจื“ื™

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ืกืžืœ OnWorks

mips64-linux-gnuabi64-cpp - ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืŸ

ื”ืคืขืœ ืืช mips64-linux-gnuabi64-cpp ื‘ืกืคืง ืื™ืจื•ื— ื—ื™ื ืžื™ ืฉืœ OnWorks ืขืœ ืื•ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื• ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืคื“ื•ืจื” ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ Windows ืื• ืืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ MAC OS

ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” mips64-linux-gnuabi64-cpp ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืกืคืง ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ ืฉืœ OnWorks ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื—ืช ืžืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ Ubuntu Online, Fedora Online, ืืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ Windows ืื• ืืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ MAC OS

ืชึธื›ึฐื ึดื™ืช:

ืฉืึตื


cpp - ื”-C Preprocessor

ืชึทืงืฆึดื™ืจ


cpp [-Dืžืืงืจื•[=defn]...] [-Uืžืืงืจื•]
[-Idir...] [-ืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ื˜dir...]
[-Wืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ...]
[-M|-ืžืž] [-MG] [-MF ืฉื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ]
[-MP] [-MQ ื™ืขื“...]
[-MT ื™ืขื“...]
[-P] [-fno-working-directory]
[-x ืฉืคื”] [-std=ืชึถืงึถืŸ]
ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืื•ืกืฃ

ืจืง ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ; ืจืื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉืืจ.

ืชื™ืื•ืจ


ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ืงื“ื C, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช cpp, ื”ื•ื ืžืืงืจื• ืžืขื‘ื“ ืฉืžืฉืžืฉ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™
ืžื”ื“ืจ C ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœืš ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ. ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืžืืงืจื•
ืžืขื‘ื“ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืš ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืืงืจื•, ืฉื”ื ืงื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ
ื‘ื•ื ื”.

ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ืงื“ื C ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจืง ืขื ืงื•ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ C, C++ ื•-Objective-C.
ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืจืขื” ื›ืžืขื‘ื“ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื›ืœืœื™. ื–ื” ื™ื—ื ืง ืขืœ ืงืœื˜ ืืฉืจ
ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื™ื™ืช ืœื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืžื™ืœื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ C. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืืคื•ืกืชืจื•ืคื™ื ื™ืชืคืจืฉื• ื›-
ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ ืชื•ื•ื™ื, ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื–ื”
ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงืœื˜ ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœืฉืคื•ืช C-family.
ืื Makefile ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืจืืฉ, ื›ืœ ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืกืจื•, ื•ื”-Makefile
ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“.

ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘-cpp ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื C. Other
ืฉืคื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืช ืืœื’ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช (ืคืกืงืœ, ืขื“ื” ื•ื›ื•'). ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื”ืจื›ื‘ื”, ืขื
ื–ึฐื”ึดื™ืจื•ึผืช. -ืžืกื•ืจืชื™-cpp ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื— ืœื‘ืŸ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
ืžึทืชึดื™ืจ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ C ืื• C++
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ืื, ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืืงืจื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช.

ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืคืฉืจื™, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ ืงื“ื ื”ืžื•ืชืื ืœืฉืคื” ืฉืืชื” ื›ื•ืชื‘
ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ GNU assembler ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืชืงื ื™ ืžืืงืจื•. ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
ืœืฉืคื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื›ืœื” ืžื•ืชื ื” ืžืฉืœื”ืŸ. ืื
ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ื ื›ืฉืœ, ื ืกื” ืžืขื‘ื“ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื›ืœืœื™ ืืžื™ืชื™, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ GNU M4.

ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ ืงื“ื C ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื. ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื–ื” ื“ืŸ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื ืฉืœ GNU C, ืืฉืจ
ืžืกืคืง ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ISO Standard C. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ืฉืœื•, GNU
C preprocessor ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืงืŸ. ืืœื• ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช
ื‘ื”ื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืขืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช, ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืคืชื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื
ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืฆืคื” ืœื”ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืงืŸ ISO ืงืคื“ื ื™ C, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-
-std=c90, -std=c99 or -std=c11 ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ื’ืจืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืŸ ืืชื”
ืจื•ืฆื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื’ื -ืงึทืคึผึฐื“ึธื ึดื™.

ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ืงื“ื ISO. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื–ืขืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช
ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”-ISO ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื ื’ืฉืช ืขื ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™
ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื”, ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ. ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ืžืฆื‘.

ืœืฉื ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืืœื ืื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจืช, ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืœ CPP ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘-GNU CPP.

ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช


ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ืงื“ื C ืžืฆืคื” ืœืฉื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื›ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื, ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื• ืื•ืกืฃ. ื”
preprocessor ืงื•ืจื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืชื #include. ื›ืœ
ื”ืคืœื˜ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื‘ืฆื™ ื”ืงืœื˜ ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ ืื•ืกืฃ.

ืื• ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ or ืื•ืกืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช -, ืฉื›ืžื• ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืžืงืœื˜ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ื•
as ืื•ืกืฃ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœืคืœื˜ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืžื•ืฉืžื˜, ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืื™ืœื• - ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื–ื”.

ืืœื ืื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจืช, ืื• ืฉื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ =, ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช
ื”ืื ื”ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ืคื™ืข ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช, ืื• ืขื ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืŸ
ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ: -ืื™ืคื• ื• -I Foo ื™ืฉ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืคืขื”.

ืœืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช; ืœื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœึนื be
ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆื™ื: -dM ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืž -d -M.

-D ืฉื
ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืžืจืืฉ ืฉื ื›ืžืืงืจื•, ืขื ื”ื’ื“ืจื” 1.

-D ืฉื=ื”ื’ื“ืจื”
ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžืกื•ืžื ื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš
ืชืจื’ื•ื ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื #define ื”ื•ึนืจึธืึธื”. ื‘ืคืจื˜, ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืชื”ื™ื”
ืงื˜ื•ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”.

ืื ืืชื” ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ืžืจืืฉ ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืขื˜ืคืช ืื• ื“ืžื•ื™ืช ืžืขื˜ืคืช, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจืš
ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื•ื•ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื
ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืžืขื˜ืคืช.

ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ืš ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžืืงืจื• ื“ืžื•ื™ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”, ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ืฉืœื•
ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืขื ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ (ืื ื™ืฉ). ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื ื”ื
ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื’ื–ื™ื, ืื– ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฆื˜ื˜ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช. ืขื sh ื• CSH,
-ื“'ืฉื(ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื...)=ื”ื’ื“ืจื”' ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช.

-D ื• -U ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉื”ืŸ ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”. ืืช ื›ืœ
-ืื™ืžืืงืจื• ืคื™ืœื” ื• -ืœึดื›ืœื•ึนืœ ืคื™ืœื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ -D ื• -U ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช.

-U ืฉื
ื‘ื˜ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉืœ ืฉื, ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืื• ืžืกื•ืคืง ืขื ื -D ืื•ึนืคึผึฐืฆึดื™ึธื”.

-undef
ืืœ ืชื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžืจืืฉ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืืงืจื• ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืื• GCC ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช. ื”ืชืงืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ืžืจืืฉ
ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืืงืจื• ื ืฉืืจื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช.

-I dir
ื”ื•ืกืฃ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” dir ืœืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื—ืจ ืงื•ื‘ืฆื™ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช.

ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ -I ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช.
ืื ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” dir ื”ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกืคืจื™ื™ื”, ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ืžื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช
ื•ื“ื ืฉืกื“ืจ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ืกื•ืช. ืื dir ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘-"=", ื•ืื– ื”-"=" ื™ื”ื™ื”
ืžื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืžืช ื”-sysroot; ืœึดืจึฐืื•ึนืช --sysroot ื• -isysroot.

-o ืคื™ืœื”
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืคืœื˜ ืœ ืคื™ืœื”. ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื• ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืื™ ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”
ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืœ cpp. gcc ื™ืฉ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืื™-ืื•ืคืฆื™ื”,
ืื– ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ -o ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืคืœื˜.

- ืงื™ืจ
ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ ืจื’ื™ืœ. ื›ืจื’ืข ื–ื”
is -ื”ืขืจื”, -ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ื, -ื•ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืงืืจ ื•ืื–ื”ืจื” ืขืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœ-a
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ "#if". ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ื“
ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ื.

-ื”ืขืจื”
-ื”ืขืจื•ืช
ืื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืจืฆืฃ ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื•ืช /* ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ /* ื”ืขืจื”, ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ื
backslash-newline ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘-a // ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”. (ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืคืขื”.)

-ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ื
ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจืคื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื
ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจืฃ ืฉื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืงื• ื—ื“ืฉ ื ืžืœื˜ (??/ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื•ืจื”) ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื”ืขืจื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื• ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช. ืœื›ืŸ, ืจืง ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจืคื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•
ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื ืžืœื˜ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”.

ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืฉืชืžืขืช ืž - ืงื™ืจ. ืื - ืงื™ืจ ืœื ื ื™ืชื ืช, ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืคืขืœืช
ืืœื ืื ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจืคื™ื ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืžืจืช ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจืฃ ืœืœื ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืงื‘ืœ
ื”ืื—ืจื™ื - ืงื™ืจ ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ -ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจืคื™ื - ืงื™ืจ -ืœื-ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจืคื™ื.

-ืžืกื•ืจืชื™
ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ื•ื‘-ISO C. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ
ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืžื‘ื ื™ ISO C ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” C ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช, ื•ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื
ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ื.

-ื•ื•ื ื“ืฃ
ืื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื ืชืงืœ ื‘ืžื–ื”ื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืืงืจื• ื‘- #ืื ื”ื•ืจืื”,
ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ. ืžื–ื”ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืžื•ื—ืœืคื™ื ื‘ืืคืก.

-Wunused-macros
ื”ืชืจื™ืข ืขืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืืงืจื• ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ. ืžืืงืจื• ื”ื•ื ืžึฐืฉืื•ึผืžึธืฉื ืื ื–ื”
ื”ื•ืจื—ื‘ ืื• ื ื‘ื“ืง ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืขื ืื—ืช. ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื ื™ืชืจื™ืข ื’ื ืื
ื”ืžืืงืจื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืื• ืœื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ.

ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืืงืจื• ืžื•ื‘ื ื•ืช, ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืืงืจื• ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื•ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืืงืจื• ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘- include
ืœื ืžื•ื–ื”ืจื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงื‘ืฆื™ื.

ื”ืขืจื”: ืื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืžืืงืจื•, ืื‘ืœ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจืง ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ืžื•ืชื ื™ื ืฉื“ื™ืœื’ืชื ืขืœื™ื•, ืื–
CPP ื™ื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืœื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ืื–ื”ืจื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื”, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืชืฉืชืคืจ
ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืืงืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื• ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื™ืœื’ ืขืœื™ื•
ืœึทื—ืกื•ึนื. ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื“ืžื” ืขื ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•:

#ืื ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื”_ืžืืงืจื•_ื’ื•ืจื_ื”ืื–ื”ืจื”
#endif

-ืชื•ื•ื™ื•ืช-Wendif
ื”ืชืจื™ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉ #else ืื• #endif ื•ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื˜ืงืกื˜. ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘
ืงื•ื“ ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก

#ืื FOO
...
#ืื—ืจืช FOO
...
#endif FOO

ื”-"FOO" ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืืš ืœืจื•ื‘ ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืื–ื”ืจื” ื–ื• ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ.

-ืฉื’ื™ืื”
ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช. ืงื•ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœ ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื”
ื ื“ื—ื”.

-ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช Wsystem
ืคืจืกื ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ืืœื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช
ื‘ืื’ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืฉืœืš, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื›ืื™ื. ืื ืืชื” ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช
ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื”, ืื•ืœื™ ืชืจืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื.

-w ื“ื—ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืœื• ืฉ-GNU CPP ืžื ืคื™ืง ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ.

-ืงึทืคึผึฐื“ึธื ึดื™
ื”ื ืคืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชืงืŸ C. ื—ืœืงื ื ืฉืืจื•
ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืœื ืžื–ื™ืง.

-ืคื“ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช-ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช
ื”ื ืคืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช.
ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉ-GCC ืžื ืคื™ืง ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื• -ืงึทืคึผึฐื“ึธื ึดื™ ืืœื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื›ืžื•
ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช.

-M ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืงื“ื™ื, ืคืœื˜ ื›ืœืœ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืชืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื™. ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืื—ื“
ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ืฉื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืžืงื•ืจ, ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืžื•ืช
ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืœื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื -ืœึดื›ืœื•ึนืœ or -ืื™ืžืืงืจื• ืคืงื•ื“ื”-
ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื•.

ืืœื ืื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ (ืขื -MT or -MQ), ืฉื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื”-
ืฉื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืขื ื›ืœ ืกื™ื•ืžืช ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืคื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ืžืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื‘ืกื™ื•ืžืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™
ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื•ืกืจื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ืื– ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื
ืœืคืฆืœ ืœืžืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช \-ืฉื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืœื›ืœืœ ืื™ืŸ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช.

ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืžื“ื›ืืช ืืช ืคืœื˜ ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื”-ืžืขื‘ื“, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ -dM. ืœื”ืชื—ืžืง
ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ ืคืœื˜ ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ื›ื–ื” ืขื ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืชืœื•ืช, ืขืœื™ืš ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืืช
ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืคืœื˜ ืชืœื•ืช ืขื -MF, ืื• ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืชื ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื›ืžื•
DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT. ืคืœื˜ ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืฉืœื— ืœื–ืจื ื”ืคืœื˜ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื›
ืจื’ื™ืœ.

ื—ื•ืœืฃ -M ืœื ื”ื’ ืžืจืžื– -E, ื•ืžื“ื›ื ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ืขื ืžืจื•ืžื– -w.

-ืžืž ื›ืžื• -M ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชื–ื›ื™ืจ ืงื‘ืฆื™ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช,
ื•ื’ื ืœื ืงื‘ืฆื™ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื›ืœืœื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ืฉืจื™ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืขืงื™ืคื™ืŸ, ืžื›ื•ืชืจืช ื›ื–ื•.

ื–ื” ืžืจืžื– ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืื• ืžืจื›ืื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ #include
ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื” ืื™ื ื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืื ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื–ื• ืชื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ -ืžืž
ืคืœื˜ ืชืœื•ืช. ื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงืœ ื‘ืกืžื ื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื’ืจืกืื•ืช GCC 3.0 ื•
ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.

-MF ืคื™ืœื”
ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขื -M or -ืžืž, ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช. ืื ืœื -MF
ืžืชื’ ื ืชื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืงื“ื-ืžืขื‘ื“ ืฉื•ืœื— ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืœื—
ืคืœื˜ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืจืืฉ.

ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขื ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื’ -MD or -MMD, -MF ืขื•ืงืฃ ืืช ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ
ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืคืœื˜.

-MG ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ -M ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืœื•ืช, -MG ืžื ื™ื—
ืงื‘ืฆื™ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื—ืกืจื™ื ื”ื ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ืœืœื
ื”ืขืœืืช ืฉื’ื™ืื”. ืฉื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื ืœืงื— ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื”-"#include"
ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื ืชื™ื‘. -MG ื’ื ืžื“ื›ื ืคืœื˜ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืจืืฉ, ื›ืžื• ื
ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื—ืกืจ ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ืกืจ ืชื•ืขืœืช.

ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืฆื™ makefile.

-MP ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ืจื” ืœ-CPP ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื™ืขื“ ืžื–ื•ื™ืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืชืœื•ืช ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”-
ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื™, ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœื•ื. ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืžื” ื”ืืœื” ืขื•ืงืคื™ื ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช
ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื ื•ืชืŸ ืื ืชืกื™ืจ ืงื‘ืฆื™ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ Makefile ืœื”ืชืื™ื.

ื–ื”ื• ืคืœื˜ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™:

test.o: test.c test.h

test.h:

-MT ื™ืขื“
ืฉื ื” ืืช ื™ืขื“ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ืคืœื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืœื•ืช. ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ CPP ืœื•ืงื—
ืฉื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืงืœื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื™, ืžื•ื—ืง ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื›ืœ ืกื™ื•ืžืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ
ื›ืžื• .c, ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ืกื™ื•ืžืช ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื”. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื˜ืจื”.

An -MT option ืชื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืขื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืฉืชืฆื™ื™ืŸ. ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื”
ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืขื“ื™ื, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื›ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ื™ื—ื™ื“ -MT, ืื• ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ
-MT ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช.

ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, -MT '$(objpfx)foo.o' ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืชืช

$(objpfx)foo.o: foo.c

-MQ ื™ืขื“
ื›ืžื• -MT, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืฆื˜ื˜ ื›ืœ ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื”.
-MQ '$(objpfx)foo.o' ื ื•ืชืŸ

$$(objpfx)foo.o: foo.c

ื™ืขื“ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ืžืฆื•ื˜ื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืขื -MQ.

-MD -MD ืฉื•ื•ื” -M -MF ืคื™ืœื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื” -E ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืข. ื”ื ื”ื’
ืงื•ื‘ืข ืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืื ื -o ื ื™ืชื ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช. ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ื”ื’ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•
ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืขื ืกื™ื•ืžืช ืฉืœ .d, ืื—ืจืช ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืงืœื˜,
ืžืกื™ืจ ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื•ืกื™ื•ืžืช, ื•ืžื—ื™ืœ ื .d ืกื™ื•ืžืช.

If -MD ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื -E, ื›ืœ -o ืžืชื’ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช
ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืคืœื˜ ืชืœื•ืช, ืืš ืื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืœื -E, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ -o ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื
ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืžื˜ืจื”.

ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืื™ืš? -E ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืข, -MD ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืคืœื˜ ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื
ืชื•ืคืขืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืงื•ืžืคื™ืœืฆื™ื”.

-MMD
ื›ืžื• -MD ืžืœื‘ื“ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืจืง ืงื‘ืฆื™ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, ืœื ืงื•ื‘ืฆื™ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช.

-x c
-x c ++
-x ืžื˜ืจื”-ื’
-x assembler-with-cpp
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืฉืคืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจ: C, C++, Objective-C ืื• assembly. ืื™ืŸ ืœื–ื” ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ
ืขื ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืชืงื ื™ื ืื• ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช; ื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœืื™ื–ื” ืชื—ื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืก
ืœึฐืฆึทืคึผื•ึนืช. ืื ืœื ืชื™ืชืŸ ืืฃ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, cpp ื™ื’ื–ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืคื” ืžื”-
ืกื™ื•ืžืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ: .c, . DC, .m, ืื• .S. ื›ืžื” ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ
ื’ื C++ ื•-assembly ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื. ืื cpp ืœื ืžื–ื”ื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืกืฃ, ื–ื”
ื™ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื›-C; ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื’ื ืจื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ืขืจื”: ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ cpp ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื -ืœืื ื’ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ื”ืŸ ืืช
ื”ืฉืคื” ื•ืจืžืช ื”ืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืชืงื ื™ื. ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื•ืกืจื”, ื‘ื’ืœืœ
ื–ื” ืžืชื ื’ืฉ ืขื -l ืื•ึนืคึผึฐืฆึดื™ึธื”.

-std=ืชึถืงึถืŸ
-ืื ืกื™
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ืฉืืœื™ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืื™ื. ื›ืจื’ืข CPP ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืœ C
ื•ืชืงื ื™ C++; ืื—ืจื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชื•ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.

ืชึถืงึถืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืž:

"c90"
"c89"
"iso9899:1990"
ืชืงืŸ ISO C ืžืฉื ืช 1990. c90 ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœื’ืจืกื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ
ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜.

ืืœ ื”ืื ื™ -ืื ืกื™ ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœ -std=c90.

"iso9899:199409"
ืชืงืŸ 1990 C, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืชื•ืงืŸ ื‘-1994.

"iso9899:1999"
"c99"
"iso9899:199x"
"c9x"
ืชืงืŸ ISO C ื”ืžืชื•ืงืŸ, ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1999. ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืจืกื•ื, ื–ื”
ื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื C9X.

"iso9899:2011"
"c11"
"c1x"
ืชืงืŸ ISO C ื”ืžืชื•ืงืŸ, ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2011. ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืจืกื•ื, ื–ื”
ื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื C1X.

"gnu90"
"gnu89"
ืชืงืŸ 1990 C ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช GNU. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ.

"gnu99"
"gnu9x"
ืชืงืŸ C 1999 ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ GNU.

"gnu11"
"gnu1x"
ืชืงืŸ C 2011 ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ GNU.

"c++98"
ืชืงืŸ ISO C++ ืžืฉื ืช 1998 ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื.

"gnu++98"
ื–ื”ื” ืœ 98. std = c ++ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ GNU. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ C++.

-ืื ื™- ืคืฆืœ ืืช ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื›ืœื•ืœ. ื›ืœ ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ืขื -I ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ -ืื ื™- ื™ืฉ ืœื•
ื—ื™ืคืฉื• ืจืง ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื‘ืงืฉื• ืขื "#include"ืงื•ึนื‘ึถืฅ""; ืœื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื
"#ืœึดื›ืœื•ึนืœืงื•ื‘ืฅ>". ืื ืฆื•ื™ื ื• ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืขื -I ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”
-ืื ื™-, ื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื #include ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, -ืื ื™- ืžืขื›ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื›
ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ "#include"ืงื•ึนื‘ึถืฅ"".

ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.

-ื ื•ืกื˜ื“ื™ื ืง
ืืœ ืชื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืฆื™ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช. ืจืง ื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื
ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืขื -I ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช (ื•ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™, ืื
ืžืชืื™ื) ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื.

-nostdinc++
ืืœ ืชื—ืคืฉ ืงื‘ืฆื™ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืœ-C++, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืขืฉื”
ื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช. (ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”-C++
ืกึดืคึฐืจึดื™ึธื”.)

-ืœึดื›ืœื•ึนืœ ืคื™ืœื”
ื”ืชึทื”ึฒืœึดื™ืš ืคื™ืœื” ื›ืื™ืœื• "#include "ืงื•ื‘ืฅ"" ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืงื•ึนื‘ึถืฅ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื—ื™ืคืฉื” ืคื™ืœื” ื”ืื ื”ืคืจื”-ืžืขื‘ื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“
ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื of ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื™. ืื ืœื ื ืžืฆื
ืฉื, ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉืืจื™ืช ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ "#include "..."" ื›ืžื•
ืจื’ื™ืœ.

ืื ืžืจื•ื‘ื” -ืœึดื›ืœื•ึนืœ ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืฉื”ื
ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”.

-ืื™ืžืืงืจื• ืคื™ืœื”
ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• -ืœึดื›ืœื•ึนืœ, ืœืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืคืœื˜ ื”ืžื•ืคืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืจื™ืงื” ืคื™ืœื” ื ื–ืจืง
ืจึธื—ื•ึนืง. ืžืืงืจื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื. ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืš ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืืงืจื•
ืžื›ื•ืชืจืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืขื‘ื“ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”.

ื›ืœ ื”ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ -ืื™ืžืืงืจื• ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ -ืœึดื›ืœื•ึนืœ.

-ื™ื“irafter dir
ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ dir ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื•ื‘ืฆื™ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ืขื -I ื•
ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆื•. dir ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช
ืžึทื“ืจึดื™ืš. ืื dir ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘-"=", ื•ืื– ื”-"=" ื™ื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘-sysroot
ืงื™ื“ื•ืžืช; ืœึดืจึฐืื•ึนืช --sysroot ื• -isysroot.

-iprefix ืงื™ื“ื•ืžืช
ืœืคืจื˜ ืงื™ื“ื•ืžืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืžืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืื•ืช -iwithprefix ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช. ืื ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืžืช
ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืกืคืจื™ื™ื”, ืขืœื™ืš ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื•ืคื™ /.

-iwithprefix dir
-iwithprefixbefore dir
ืฆืจืฃ dir ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืžืช ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื” ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ืขื -iprefix, ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœ
ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืœื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื›ื•ืœืœ. -iwithprefixbefore ืฉื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื -I
ื”ื™ื”; -iwithprefix ืฉื ืืช ื–ื” ืื™ืคื” -ื™ื“irafter ื”ื™ื”.

-isysroot dir
ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื” --sysroot ืืคืฉืจื•ืช, ืืš ื—ืœื” ืจืง ืขืœ ืงื•ื‘ืฆื™ ื›ื•ืชืจืช (ืœืžืขื˜
ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืžืžืงื“, ืฉื ื–ื” ื—ืœ ื’ื ืขืœ ืงื‘ืฆื™ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช). ืจืื” ืืช
--sysroot ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ.

-ืื™ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ื‘ื™ dir
ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ dir ื›ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื” ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช C++ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืขื“.

-ืžืขืจื›ืช dir
ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ dir ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื•ื‘ืฆื™ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช, ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ -I ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™
ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช. ืกืžืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ
ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื™ื•ืฉื ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.

If dir ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘-"=", ื•ืื– ื”-"=" ื™ื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืžืช ื”-sysroot; ืœึดืจึฐืื•ึนืช
--sysroot ื• -isysroot.

-ืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ื˜ dir
ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ dir ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืฆื™ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื‘ืงืฉื• ืขื "#include"ืงื•ึนื‘ึถืฅ""; ื”ื ืœื
ื—ื™ืคืฉ ืืช "#includeืงื•ื‘ืฅ>", ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ -I ื•ืœืคื ื™
ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.

If dir ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘-"=", ื•ืื– ื”-"=" ื™ื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืžืช ื”-sysroot; ืœึดืจึฐืื•ึนืช
--sysroot ื• -isysroot.

-fdirectives-ื‘ืœื‘ื“
ื‘ืขืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืงื“ื™ื, ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช, ืืš ืืœ ืชืจื—ื™ื‘ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืืงืจื•.

ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ -E ื• -ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืจืืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช.

ืขื -E, ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืงื“ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ "#define",
"#ifdef", ื•-"#error". ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืงื“ื-ืžืขื‘ื“ ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืžืืงืจื• ื•
ื”ืžืจืช ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจืฃ ืœื ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ -dD ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื•ืžื–
ืžืื•ืคืฉืจ.

ืขื -ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืจืืฉ, ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžืจืืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื•ืจื•ื‘ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืืงืจื• ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื
ื ึธื›ึถื”. ืžืืงืจื• ื›ื’ื•ืŸ "__LINE__", ืฉื”ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ ื”ืงืฉืจ, ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื
ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ. ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื• ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ืขื "-E
-fdirectives-ื‘ืœื‘ื“".

ืขื ืฉื ื™ื”ื -E ื• -ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืจืืฉ, ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ -ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืจืืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช. ื–ึถื”
ืžืืคืฉืจ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืงื“ื™ื ืžืœื ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื• ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ืขื "-E
-fdirectives-ื‘ืœื‘ื“".

-fdollars-in-identifiers
ืœึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ $ ื‘ืžื–ื”ื™ื.

-ืžื–ื”ื™ื-fextended
ืงื‘ืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื”ื™ื. ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ
ืขื‘ื•ืจ C99 (ื•ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชืงืŸ C) ื•-C++.

-fno-canonical-system-headers
ื‘ืขืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืงื“ื™ื, ืืœ ืชืงืฆืจ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื ื•ื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”.

-ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืจืืฉ
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ืžืจืืฉ ืฉืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืงืœื˜ ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื•ืงื“ื. ื–ึถื”
ืžื“ื›ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืžืืงืจื•, ื”ืžืจืช ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจืฃ, ืฉื—ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืžืœื˜,
ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื”ื” ื•ืžืกื™ืจ
ื”ืขืจื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื™ืชื• ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืจืืฉ -C ืœืžื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืœื™
ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื˜ื•ืงื ื™ื™ื–ืจ
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ืžื™ื™ื.

-ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืจืืฉ ืžืฉืชืžืข ืื ืœืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืงืœื˜ ื™ืฉ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืกื™ื•ืžื•ืช .i, .ii or .ืžึดื™.
ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื”ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืฉ-GCC ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืจืืฉ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ -ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ-ื˜ืžืค'.

-ftabstop=ืจื•ื—ื‘
ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ืื‘. ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”
ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช, ื’ื ืื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื•. ืื ื”ืขืจืš ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ
ืž-1 ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-100, ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืชืขืœืžืช ืžื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช. ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื 8.

-fdebug-cpp
ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ืช ืจืง ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืฉืœ GCC. ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขื -E, ื“ื•ืคืง ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ื‘ืื’ื™ื
ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžืคื•ืช ืžื™ืงื•ื. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืœื˜ ื™ืฉ dump ืฉืœ
ื”ืžืคื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืžื™ืงื•ืžื”. ื”ืžื–ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคื” ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืืกื™ืžื•ืŸ
ื™ื”ื™ื”:

{"P":F ;"F":F ;"L": ;"C": ;"S": ;"M": ;"E": "loc": }

ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืœื -E, ืœืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื”.

-ftrack-macro-expansion[=ืจึธืžึธื”]
ืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžื™ืงื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืžืืงืจื•. ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื”ื“ืจ ืœืคืœื•ื˜
ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืจื™ืžืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืžืืงืจื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืฉื’ื™ืืช ืงื•ืžืคื™ืœืฆื™ื” ื‘
ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืžืืงืจื•. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ืคืจื” ื•ืœืงื•ืžืคื™ื™ืœืจ ืœืฆืจื•ืš
ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ. ื” ืจึธืžึธื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคืจืžื˜ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืืกื™ืžื•ืŸ
ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžื™ืงื•ื ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš. ืขืจืš 0 of
ืจึธืžึธื” ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื -ftrack-macro-expansion ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื›ื— ื‘
ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”. ืขืจืš 1 ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžื™ืงื•ืžื™ ืืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืžื•ืฉืคืœ ืœืžืขืŸ
ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ืจื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ an
ืœืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืืงืจื• ื“ืžื•ื™ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ืžื™ืงื•ื. ืขืจืš 2 ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ื
ืžื™ืงื•ืžื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืจืขื‘ ืœื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ. ื›ืืฉืจ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื ื™ืชื ืช
ืื™ืŸ ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜, ืขืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืžื˜ืจ ื”ื•ื 2.

ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉ"-ftrack-macro-expansion=2" ืžื•ืคืขืœ ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ.

-fexec-charset=ืขืจื›ื”
ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืืช ืขืจื›ืช ืชื•ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ื”ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืขื™ ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ื•ืชื•ื•ื™ื. ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ
ื”ื•ื UTF-8. ืขืจื›ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื ืชืžืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช "iconv" ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช
ืฉื’ืจื”.

-fwide-exec-charset=ืขืจื›ื”
ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืืช ืขืจื›ืช ืชื•ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”, ื”ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ ืชื•ื•ื™ื.
ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื UTF-32 ืื• UTF-16, ืžื” ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ืฉืœ "wchar_t". ื›ืคื™ ืฉ
ืขื -fexec-charset, ืขืจื›ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื ืชืžืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”"ืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ" ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช
ืฉื’ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื”; ืขื ื–ืืช, ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืš ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื ืงื™ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื
ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘-"wchar_t".

-ืคื•ื ื˜-ื’ื˜ืก =ืขืจื›ื”
ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืืช ืขืจื›ืช ืชื•ื•ื™ ื”ืงืœื˜, ื”ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœืชืจื’ื•ื ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงืœื˜
ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืชื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืืช GCC. ืื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ืื• GCC
ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ืžื”ืžืงื•ื, ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื UTF-8. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
ื ื“ื—ืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•. ื›ืจื’ืข ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”-
ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืงื• ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช. ืขืจื›ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื“
ื ืชืžืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื’ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช "iconv" ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.

-fworking-ืžื“ืจื™ืš
ืืคืฉืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืžื ื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืคืœื˜ ื”ืคืจื”-ืžืขื‘ื“ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœืžื”ื“ืจ
ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื
ืžื•ืคืขืœืช, ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื ื™ืคืœื•ื˜, ืœืื—ืจ ืกืžืŸ ื”ืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™, ืกืžืŸ ืงื• ืฉื ื™
ืขื ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ืฉื ื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื. GCC ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื”
ืกืคืจื™ื™ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืงืœื˜ ื”ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืจืืฉ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ื ืคืœื˜ื” ื‘ืฉื
ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื‘ืื’ื™ื. ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื
ืžื•ืคืขืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืจื•ืžื– ืื ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื™ืคื•ื™ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืžื•ืคืขืœ, ืืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช
ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื” -fno-working-directory. ืื -P ื“ื’ืœ ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ื”
ืฉื•ืจื”, ืœืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื”, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ืคืœื˜ื• ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช "#line" ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ.

-ืขืžื•ื“ื”-fno-show
ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืžืกืคืจื™ ืขืžื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ. ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืื ื™ืฉ ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ
ื ืกืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืืช ืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ
Dejagnu.

-A ืœึฐื‘ึทืกึตืก=ืœืขื ื•ืช
ืงื‘ืข ื˜ืขื ื” ืขื ื”ืคืจื“ื™ืงื˜ ืœึฐื‘ึทืกึตืก ื•ืชืขื ื” ืœืขื ื•ืช. ื˜ื•ืคืก ื–ื” ื”ื•ื
ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ -A ืœึฐื‘ึทืกึตืก(ืœืขื ื•ืช), ืืฉืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืชืžืš, ื›ื™ ื–ื”
ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขื˜ืคืช.

-A -ืœึฐื‘ึทืกึตืก=ืœืขื ื•ืช
ื‘ื˜ืœ ื˜ืขื ื” ืขื ื”ืคืจื“ื™ืงื˜ ืœึฐื‘ึทืกึตืก ื•ืชืขื ื” ืœืขื ื•ืช.

-dCHARS
ืชื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืจืฆืฃ ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืชื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
ืœืคื ื™ื• ืจื•ื•ื—. ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืชืคืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจ, ืื•
ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ GCC, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ื‘ืฉืงื˜. ืื ืชืคืจื˜
ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชืŸ ืžืชื ื’ืฉืช, ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช.

M ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืคืœื˜ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืฆื•ืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ #define ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ
ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืืงืจื• ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ
ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืืงืจื•. ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืš ื“ืจืš ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืžืจืืฉ ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ืฉืœืš ืฉืœ
ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื. ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืงื•ื‘ืฅ foo.h, ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”

ืœื’ืขืช ื‘-foo.h; cpp -dM foo.h

ื™ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืืงืจื• ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืžืจืืฉ.

ืื ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ -dM ื‘ืœื™ ื” -E ืื•ึนืคึผึฐืฆึดื™ึธื”, -dM ืžืชืคืจืฉ ื›ืžื™ืœื” ื ืจื“ืคืช ืœ
-fdump-rtl-mach.

D ื›ืžื• M ืืœื ืžืฉื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช: ื›ืŸ ืœึนื ื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืืงืจื• ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ, ื•ื–ื”
ืคืœื˜ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžื” ื”ื™ื #define ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืงื“ื™ื. ืฉื ื™ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื
ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืคืœื˜ ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™.

N ื›ืžื• D, ืื‘ืœ ืคื•ืœื˜ ืจืง ืืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืžืืงืจื•, ืœื ืืช ื”ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.

I ืชึฐืคื•ึผืงึธื” #include ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืงื“ื™ื.

U ื›ืžื• D ืืœื ืฉืจืง ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืืงืจื• ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช, ืื• ืฉื”ื’ื“ืจืชืŸ ื ื‘ื“ืงืช
ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืงื“ื-ืžืขื‘ื“, ื”ื ืคืœื˜; ื”ืคืœื˜ ืžืชืขื›ื‘ ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื•
ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืืงืจื•; ื• #undef ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืงื•ืช ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืืงืจื• ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืื‘ืœ
ืœื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ.

-P ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกืžื ื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืคืœื˜ ืžื”ืงื“ื-ืžืขื‘ื“. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืคืจื”-ืžืขื‘ื“ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงื•ื“ C, ื•ื™ื™ืฉืœื—
ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืžื ื™ ื”ืงื•.

-C ืืœ ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืขืจื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืคืœื˜, ืœืžืขื˜
ืœื”ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช, ืฉื ืžื—ืงื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื”ื•ืจืื”.

ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ -C; ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ืงื“ื
ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ืขืจื•ืช ื›ืืœ ืืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘-
ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื• ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืงื• ื”ื–ื” ืœ-an
ืงื• ืžืงื•ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื• ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื“ a #.

-CC ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืžืืงืจื•. ื–ื” ื›ืžื• -C, ืžืœื‘ื“
ืฉื”ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืืงืจื• ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื’ื ืœืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืคืœื˜ ืฉื‘ื•
ื”ืžืืงืจื• ืžื•ืจื—ื‘.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ -C ืืคืฉืจื•ืช, -CC ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื›ืœ ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ C++
ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืืงืจื• ืœื”ืžืจื” ืœื”ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ C. ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืืงืจื• ื”ื–ื” ืžื”ืขืจื” ื‘ืฉื•ื’ื’ ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจ.

ืืœ ื”ืื ื™ -CC ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืžื•ืš.

-ืžืกื•ืจืชื™-cpp
ื ืกื• ืœื—ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ ืงื“ื C ืฉืœ ืคืขื, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœ-ISO C
ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ ืงื“ื.

-ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจืคื™ื
ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืจืฆืคื™ ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจืฃ.

-ืžืคื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ
ืืคืฉืจ ืงื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืจืง ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“
ืฉืžื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ MS-DOS.

- ืขื–ืจื”
--ืžื˜ืจื”-ืขื–ืจื”
ื”ื“ืคืก ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืขื‘ื“ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืจืืฉ.

-v ืžืฆื‘ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™. ื”ื“ืคืก ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื’ืจืกื” ืฉืœ GNU CPP ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ื•ื›ืŸ
ื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื›ืœื•ืœ.

-H ื”ื“ืคืก ืืช ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“
ื”ืฉื ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืขืžื•ืง ื‘- #include ืžื—ืกื ื™ืช ื–ื”. ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืžื”ื•ื“ืจืช ืžืจืืฉ
ืžื•ื“ืคืกื™ื ื’ื ืงื‘ืฆื™ื, ื’ื ืื ื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื; ืงื•ืžืคื™ืœืฆื™ื” ืžืจืืฉ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ืช
ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืžื•ื“ืคืก ืขื ...ืื™ืงืก ื•ืชืงืฃ ืขื ...! .

-ื”ืคืš
--ื’ึดืจึฐืกึธื”
ื”ื“ืคืก ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื’ืจืกื” ืฉืœ GNU CPP. ืขื ืžืงืฃ ืื—ื“, ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืงื“ื™ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ.
ืขื ืฉื ื™ ืžืงืคื™ื, ืฆื ืžื™ื“.

ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”


ืกืขื™ืฃ ื–ื” ืžืชืืจ ืืช ืžืฉืชื ื™ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ CPP. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ
ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืื• ืงื™ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืช ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืงื‘ืฆื™ include, ืื• ืืœ
ืคืœื˜ ืชืœื•ืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.

ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ -I, ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”
ืคืœื˜ ืชืœื•ืช ืขื ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• -M. ืืœื” ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืฉืชื ื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
ืืฉืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ GCC.

CPATH
C_INCLUDE_PATH
CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH
ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืชื ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื• ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื”ืจื‘ื”
ื›ืžื• ื ืชื™ื‘, ืฉื‘ื• ืœื—ืคืฉ ืงื‘ืฆื™ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช. ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช,
"PATH_SEPARATOR", ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืขื“ ื•ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช GCC. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜
ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ Windows ื–ื” ื ืงื•ื“ื”-ืคืกื™ืง, ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื–ื” ื
ื”ืžืขื™ ื”ื’ืก.

CPATH ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ืคืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืชืŸ -I, ืื‘ืœ
ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืขื -I ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”. ืžืฉืชื ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื–ื”
ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืื™ื–ื• ืฉืคื” ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื•ืงื“ื.

ืžืฉืชื ื™ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ื—ืœื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืขืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืงื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื˜
ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ืคืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื•
ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขื -ืžืขืจื›ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืขื -ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ
ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”.

ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืืœืžื ื˜ ืจื™ืง ืžื•ืจื” ืœืžื”ื“ืจ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ืจื ืฉืœื•
ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืจื™ืงื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื‘. ืœ
ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ CPATH ื”ื•ื ":/special/include", ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื›ืžื•
-ืื ื™. -ืื ื™/ืžื™ื•ื—ื“/ื›ื•ืœืœ.

DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT
ืื ืžืฉืชื ื” ื–ื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ, ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœื• ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืชืœื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ Make based
ืขืœ ืงื‘ืฆื™ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจ. ืงื‘ืฆื™ ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื
ื”ืชืขืœืžื• ื‘ืคืœื˜ ื”ืชืœื•ืช.

ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืง ืฉื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ, ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื Make
ื ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืœืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ื–ื”, ืžื ื—ืฉื™ื ืืช ืฉื ื”ื™ืขื“ ืžืฉื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ. ืื• ื”
ืขืจืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืคื™ืœื” ื™ืขื“, ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืœืชื™ืง ืคื™ืœื”
ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ืขื“ ื›ืฉื ื”ื™ืขื“.

ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืžืฉืชื ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืจืš ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช -ืžืž
ื• -MF, ืขื ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ -MT ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื’ื.

SUNPRO_DEPENDENCIES
ืžืฉืชื ื” ื–ื” ื–ื”ื” ืœ DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT (ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ), ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื™ื
ืœื ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆื™ ื›ื•ืชืจืช, ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืžืจืžื– -M ื•ืœื -ืžืž. ืื•ืœื, ื”
ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืงืœื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื ืฉืžื˜ืช.

ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-mips64-linux-gnuabi64-cpp ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ onworks.net


ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื

ื”ื•ืจื“ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช Windows & Linux

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