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PROGRAM:

NAME

dhparam - DH parameter manipulation and generation

SYNOPSIS

openssl dhparam [-inform DER|PEM] [-outform DER|PEM] [-in filename] [-out filename]
[-dsaparam] [-check] [-noout] [-text] [-C] [-2] [-5] [-rand file(s)] [-engine id]
[numbits]

DESCRIPTION

This command is used to manipulate DH parameter files.

OPTIONS

-inform DER|PEM
This specifies the input format. The DER option uses an ASN1 DER encoded form
compatible with the PKCS#3 DHparameter structure. The PEM form is the default format:
it consists of the DER format base64 encoded with additional header and footer lines.

-outform DER|PEM
This specifies the output format, the options have the same meaning as the -inform
option.

-in filename
This specifies the input filename to read parameters from or standard input if this
option is not specified.

-out filename
This specifies the output filename parameters to. Standard output is used if this
option is not present. The output filename should not be the same as the input
filename.

-dsaparam
If this option is used, DSA rather than DH parameters are read or created; they are
converted to DH format. Otherwise, "strong" primes (such that (p-1)/2 is also prime)
will be used for DH parameter generation.

DH parameter generation with the -dsaparam option is much faster, and the recommended
exponent length is shorter, which makes DH key exchange more efficient. Beware that
with such DSA-style DH parameters, a fresh DH key should be created for each use to
avoid small-subgroup attacks that may be possible otherwise.

-check
check if the parameters are valid primes and generator.

-2, -5
The generator to use, either 2 or 5. If present then the input file is ignored and
parameters are generated instead. If not present but numbits is present, parameters
are generated with the default generator 2.

-rand file(s)
a file or files containing random data used to seed the random number generator, or an
EGD socket (see RAND_egd(3)). Multiple files can be specified separated by a OS-
dependent character. The separator is ; for MS-Windows, , for OpenVMS, and : for all
others.

numbits
this option specifies that a parameter set should be generated of size numbits. It
must be the last option. If this option is present then the input file is ignored and
parameters are generated instead. If this option is not present but a generator (-2 or
-5) is present, parameters are generated with a default length of 2048 bits.

-noout
this option inhibits the output of the encoded version of the parameters.

-text
this option prints out the DH parameters in human readable form.

-C this option converts the parameters into C code. The parameters can then be loaded by
calling the get_dhnumbits() function.

-engine id
specifying an engine (by its unique id string) will cause dhparam to attempt to obtain
a functional reference to the specified engine, thus initialising it if needed. The
engine will then be set as the default for all available algorithms.

WARNINGS

The program dhparam combines the functionality of the programs dh and gendh in previous
versions of OpenSSL and SSLeay. The dh and gendh programs are retained for now but may
have different purposes in future versions of OpenSSL.

NOTES

PEM format DH parameters use the header and footer lines:

-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----

-----END DH PARAMETERS-----
OpenSSL currently only supports the older PKCS#3 DH, not the newer X9.42 DH.

This program manipulates DH parameters not keys.

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