ipa-client-install - Online in the Cloud

PROGRAM:

NAME

ipa-client-install - Configure an IPA client

SYNOPSIS

ipa-client-install [OPTION]...

DESCRIPTION

Configures a client machine to use IPA for authentication and identity services.

By default this configures SSSD to connect to an IPA server for authentication and
authorization. Optionally one can instead configure PAM and NSS (Name Switching Service)
to work with an IPA server over Kerberos and LDAP.

An authorized user is required to join a client machine to IPA. This can take the form of
a kerberos principal or a one-time password associated with the machine.

This same tool is used to unconfigure IPA and attempts to return the machine to its
previous state. Part of this process is to unenroll the host from the IPA server.
Unenrollment consists of disabling the principal key on the IPA server so that it may be
re-enrolled. The machine principal in /etc/krb5.keytab (host/<fqdn>@REALM) is used to
authenticate to the IPA server to unenroll itself. If this principal does not exist then
unenrollment will fail and an administrator will need to disable the host principal (ipa
host-disable <fqdn>).

Assumptions
The ipa-client-install script assumes that the machine has already generated SSH keys. It
will not generate SSH keys of its own accord. If SSH keys are not present (e.g when
running the ipa-client-install in a kickstart, before ever running sshd), they will not be
uploaded to the client host entry on the server.

Hostname Requirements
Client must use a static hostname. If the machine hostname changes for example due to a
dynamic hostname assignment by a DHCP server, client enrollment to IPA server breaks and
user then would not be able to perform Kerberos authentication.

--hostname option may be used to specify a static hostname that persists over reboot.

DNS Autodiscovery
Client installer by default tries to search for _ldap._tcp.DOMAIN DNS SRV records for all
domains that are parent to its hostname. For example, if a client machine has a hostname
'client1.lab.example.com', the installer will try to retrieve an IPA server hostname from
_ldap._tcp.lab.example.com, _ldap._tcp.example.com and _ldap._tcp.com DNS SRV records,
respectively. The discovered domain is then used to configure client components (e.g. SSSD
and Kerberos 5 configuration) on the machine.

When the client machine hostname is not in a subdomain of an IPA server, its domain can be
passed with --domain option. In that case, both SSSD and Kerberos components have the
domain set in the configuration files and will use it to autodiscover IPA servers.

Client machine can also be configured without a DNS autodiscovery at all. When both
--server and --domain options are used, client installer will use the specified server and
domain directly. --server option accepts multiple server hostnames which can be used for
failover mechanism. Without DNS autodiscovery, Kerberos is configured with a fixed list of
KDC and Admin servers. SSSD is still configured to either try to read domain's SRV
records or the specified fixed list of servers. When --fixed-primary option is specified,
SSSD will not try to read DNS SRV record at all (see sssd-ipa(5) for details).

The Failover Mechanism
When some of the IPA servers is not available, client components are able to fallback to
other IPA replica and thus preserving a continued service. When client machine is
configured to use DNS SRV record autodiscovery (no fixed server was passed to the
installer), client components do the fallback automatically, based on the IPA server
hostnames and priorities discovered from the DNS SRV records.

If DNS autodiscovery is not available, clients should be configured at least with a fixed
list of IPA servers that can be used in case of a failure. When only one IPA server is
configured, IPA client services will not be available in case of a failure of the IPA
server. Please note, that in case of a fixed list of IPA servers, the fixed server lists
in client components need to be updated when a new IPA server is enrolled or a current IPA
server is decommissioned.

Coexistence With Other Directory Servers
Other directory servers deployed in the network (e.g. Microsoft Active Directory) may use
the same DNS SRV records to denote hosts with a directory service (_ldap._tcp.DOMAIN).
Such DNS SRV records may break the installation if the installer discovers these DNS
records before it finds DNS SRV records pointing to IPA servers. The installer would then
fail to discover the IPA server and exit with error.

In order to avoid the aforementioned DNS autodiscovery issues, the client machine hostname
should be in a domain with properly defined DNS SRV records pointing to IPA servers,
either manually with a custom DNS server or with IPA DNS integrated solution. A second
approach would be to avoid autodiscovery and configure the installer to use a fixed list
of IPA server hostnames using the --server option and with a --fixed-primary option
disabling DNS SRV record autodiscovery in SSSD.

Re-enrollment of the host
Requirements:

1. Host has not been un-enrolled (the ipa-client-install --uninstall command has not been
run).
2. The host entry has not been disabled via the ipa host-disable command.

If this has been the case, host can be re-enrolled using the usual methods.

There are two method of authenticating a re-enrollment:

1. You can use --force-join option with ipa-client-install command. This authenticates the
re-enrollment using the admin's credentials provided via the -w/--password option.
2. If providing the admin's password via the command line is not an option (e.g you want
to create a script to re-enroll a host and keep the admin's password secure), you can use
backed up keytab from the previous enrollment of this host to authenticate. See --keytab
option.

Consequences of the re-enrollment on the host entry:

1. A new host certificate is issued
2. The old host certificate is revoked
3. New SSH keys are generated
4. ipaUniqueID is preserved

OPTIONS

BASIC OPTIONS
--domain=DOMAIN
Set the domain name to DOMAIN. When no --server option is specified, the installer
will try to discover all available servers via DNS SRV record autodiscovery (see
DNS Autodiscovery section for details).

--server=SERVER
Set the IPA server to connect to. May be specified multiple times to add multiple
servers to ipa_server value in sssd.conf or krb5.conf. Only the first value is
considered when used with --no-sssd. When this option is used, DNS autodiscovery
for Kerberos is disabled and a fixed list of KDC and Admin servers is configured.

--realm=REALM_NAME
Set the IPA realm name to REALM_NAME. Under normal circumstances, this option is
not needed as the realm name is retrieved from the IPA server.

--fixed-primary
Configure SSSD to use a fixed server as the primary IPA server. The default is to
use DNS SRV records to determine the primary server to use and fall back to the
server the client is enrolled with. When used in conjunction with --server then no
_srv_ value is set in the ipa_server option in sssd.conf.

-p, --principal
Authorized kerberos principal to use to join the IPA realm.

-w PASSWORD, --password=PASSWORD
Password for joining a machine to the IPA realm. Assumes bulk password unless
principal is also set.

-W Prompt for the password for joining a machine to the IPA realm.

-k, --keytab
Path to backed up host keytab from previous enrollment. Joins the host even if it
is already enrolled.

--mkhomedir
Configure PAM to create a users home directory if it does not exist.

--hostname
The hostname of this machine (FQDN). If specified, the hostname will be set and the
system configuration will be updated to persist over reboot. By default a nodename
result from uname(2) is used.

--force-join
Join the host even if it is already enrolled.

--ntp-server=NTP_SERVER
Configure ntpd to use this NTP server. This option can be used multiple times.

-N, --no-ntp
Do not configure or enable NTP.

--force-ntpd
Stop and disable any time&date synchronization services besides ntpd.

--nisdomain=NIS_DOMAIN
Set the NIS domain name as specified. By default, this is set to the IPA domain
name.

--no-nisdomain
Do not configure NIS domain name.

--ssh-trust-dns
Configure OpenSSH client to trust DNS SSHFP records.

--no-ssh
Do not configure OpenSSH client.

--no-sshd
Do not configure OpenSSH server.

--no-sudo
Do not configure SSSD as a data source for sudo.

--no-dns-sshfp
Do not automatically create DNS SSHFP records.

--noac Do not use Authconfig to modify the nsswitch.conf and PAM configuration.

-f, --force
Force the settings even if errors occur

--kinit-attempts=KINIT_ATTEMPTS
In case of unresponsive KDC (e.g. when enrolling multiple hosts at once in a heavy
load environment) repeat the request for host Kerberos ticket up to a total number
of KINIT_ATTEMPTS times before giving up and aborting client installation. Default
number of attempts is 5. The request is not repeated when there is a problem with
host credentials themselves (e.g. wrong keytab format or invalid principal) so
using this option will not lead to account lockouts.

-d, --debug
Print debugging information to stdout

-U, --unattended
Unattended installation. The user will not be prompted.

--ca-cert-file=CA_FILE
Do not attempt to acquire the IPA CA certificate via automated means, instead use
the CA certificate found locally in in CA_FILE. The CA_FILE must be an absolute
path to a PEM formatted certificate file. The CA certificate found in CA_FILE is
considered authoritative and will be installed without checking to see if it's
valid for the IPA domain.

--request-cert
Request certificate for the machine. The certificate will be stored in
/etc/ipa/nssdb under the nickname "Local IPA host".

--automount-location=LOCATION
Configure automount by running ipa-client-automount(1) with LOCATION as automount
location.

--configure-firefox
Configure Firefox to use IPA domain credentials.

--firefox-dir=DIR
Specify Firefox installation directory. For example: '/usr/lib/firefox'

--ip-address=IP_ADDRESS
Use IP_ADDRESS in DNS A/AAAA record for this host. May be specified multiple times
to add multiple DNS records.

--all-ip-addresses
Create DNS A/AAAA record for each IP address on this host.

SSSD OPTIONS
--permit
Configure SSSD to permit all access. Otherwise the machine will be controlled by
the Host-based Access Controls (HBAC) on the IPA server.

--enable-dns-updates
This option tells SSSD to automatically update DNS with the IP address of this
client.

--no-krb5-offline-passwords
Configure SSSD not to store user password when the server is offline.

-S, --no-sssd
Do not configure the client to use SSSD for authentication, use nss_ldap instead.

--preserve-sssd
Disabled by default. When enabled, preserves old SSSD configuration if it is not
possible to merge it with a new one. Effectively, if the merge is not possible due
to SSSDConfig reader encountering unsupported options, ipa-client-install will not
run further and ask to fix SSSD config first. When this option is not specified,
ipa-client-install will back up SSSD config and create new one. The back up version
will be restored during uninstall.

UNINSTALL OPTIONS
--uninstall
Remove the IPA client software and restore the configuration to the pre-IPA state.

-U, --unattended
Unattended uninstallation. The user will not be prompted.

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