parallel-ssh - Online in the Cloud

PROGRAM:

NAME

paralllel-ssh — parallel ssh program

SYNOPSIS

paralllel-ssh [-vAiIP] [-h hosts_file] [-H [user@]host[:port]] [-l user] [-p par] [-o
outdir] [-e errdir] [-t timeout] [-O options] [-x args] [-X arg] command ...

paralllel-ssh -I [-vAiIP] [-h hosts_file] [-H [user@]host[:port]] [-l user] [-p par] [-o
outdir] [-e errdir] [-t timeout] [-O options] [-x args] [-X arg] [command ...]

DESCRIPTION

paralllel-ssh is a program for executing ssh in parallel on a number of hosts. It
provides features such as sending input to all of the processes, passing a password to
ssh, saving output to files, and timing out.

The PSSH_NODENUM and PSSH_HOST environment variables are sent to the remote host. The
PSSH_NODENUM variable is assigned a unique number for each ssh connection, starting with 0
and counting up. The PSSH_HOST variable is assigned the name of the host as specified in
the hosts list. Note that sshd drops environment variables by default, so sshd_config on
the remote host must include the line:
AcceptEnv PSSH_NODENUM PSSH_HOST

OPTIONS

-h host_file
--hosts host_file
Read hosts from the given host_file. Lines in the host file are of the form
[user@]host[:port] and can include blank lines and comments (lines beginning with
"#"). If multiple host files are given (the -h option is used more than once),
then paralllel-ssh behaves as though these files were concatenated together. If a
host is specified multiple times, then paralllel-ssh will connect the given number
of times.

-H [user@]host[:port]
--host [user@]host[:port]
-H "[user@]host[:port] [ [user@]host[:port ] ... ]"
--host "[user@]host[:port] [ [user@]host[:port ] ... ]"
Add the given host strings to the list of hosts. This option may be given multiple
times, and may be used in conjunction with the -h option.

-l user
--user user
Use the given username as the default for any host entries that don't specifically
specify a user.

-p parallelism
--par parallelism
Use the given number as the maximum number of concurrent connections.

-t timeout
--timeout timeout
Make connections time out after the given number of seconds. With a value of 0,
paralllel-ssh will not timeout any connections.

-o outdir
--outdir outdir
Save standard output to files in the given directory. Filenames are of the form
[user@]host[:port][.num] where the user and port are only included for hosts that
explicitly specify them. The number is a counter that is incremented each time for
hosts that are specified more than once.

-e errdir
--errdir errdir
Save standard error to files in the given directory. Filenames are of the same
form as with the -o option.

-x args
--extra-args args
Passes extra SSH command-line arguments (see the ssh(1) man page for more
information about SSH arguments). This option may be specified multiple times.
The arguments are processed to split on whitespace, protect text within quotes, and
escape with backslashes. To pass arguments without such processing, use the -X
option instead.

-X arg
--extra-arg arg
Passes a single SSH command-line argument (see the ssh(1) man page for more
information about SSH arguments). Unlike the -x option, no processing is performed
on the argument, including word splitting. To pass multiple command-line
arguments, use the option once for each argument.

-O options
--options options
SSH options in the format used in the SSH configuration file (see the ssh_config(5)
man page for more information). This option may be specified multiple times.

-A
--askpass
Prompt for a password and pass it to ssh. The password may be used for either to
unlock a key or for password authentication. The password is transferred in a
fairly secure manner (e.g., it will not show up in argument lists). However, be
aware that a root user on your system could potentially intercept the password.

-i
--inline
Display standard output and standard error as each host completes.

--inline-stdout
Display standard output (but not standard error) as each host completes.

-v
--verbose
Include error messages from ssh with the -i and \ options.

-I
--send-input
Read input and send to each ssh process. Since ssh allows a command script to be
sent on standard input, the -I option may be used in lieu of the command argument.

-P
--print
Display output as it arrives. This option is of limited usefulness because output
from different hosts are interleaved.

EXAMPLES

Connect to host1 and host2, and print "hello, world" from each:
parallel-ssh -i -H "host1 host2" echo "hello, world"

Print "hello, world" from each host specified in the file hosts.txt:
parallel-ssh -i -h hosts.txt echo "hello, world"

Run a command as root with a prompt for the root password:
parallel-ssh -i -h hosts.txt -A -l root echo hi

Run a long command without timing out:
parallel-ssh -i -h hosts.txt -t 0 sleep 10000

If the file hosts.txt has a large number of entries, say 100, then the parallelism option
may also be set to 100 to ensure that the commands are run concurrently:
parallel-ssh -i -h hosts.txt -p 100 -t 0 sleep 10000

Run a command without checking or saving host keys:
parallel-ssh -i -H host1 -H host2 -x "-O StrictHostKeyChecking=no -O
UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -O GlobalKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" echo hi

Print the node number for each connection (this will print 0, 1, and 2):
parallel-ssh -i -H host1 -H host1 -H host2 'echo $PSSH_NODENUM'

TIPS

If you have a set of hosts that you connect to frequently with specific options, it may be
helpful to create an alias such as:
alias pssh_servers="parallel-ssh -h /path/to/server_list.txt -l root -A"

The ssh_config file can include an arbitrary number of Host sections. Each host entry
specifies ssh options which apply only to the given host. Host definitions can even
behave like aliases if the HostName option is included. This ssh feature, in combination
with parallel-ssh host files, provides a tremendous amount of flexibility.

EXIT STATUS

The exit status codes from paralllel-ssh are as follows:

0 Success

1 Miscellaneous error

2 Syntax or usage error

3 At least one process was killed by a signal or timed out.

4 All processes completed, but at least one ssh process reported an error (exit
status 255).

5 There were no ssh errors, but at least one remote command had a non-zero exit
status.

AUTHORS

Written by Brent N. Chun <[email protected]> and Andrew McNabb <[email protected]>.

http://code.google.com/p/parallel-ssh/

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