scan-build-3.8 - Online in the Cloud

PROGRAM:

NAME

scan-build — Clang static analyzer

SYNOPSIS

scan-build [-ohkvV] [-analyze-headers] [-enable-checker [checker_name]]
[-disable-checker [checker_name]] [--help] [--help-checkers]
[--html-title [=title]] [--keep-going] [-plist] [-plist-html] [--status-bugs]
[--use-c++ [=compiler_path]] [--use-cc [=compiler_path]] [--view]
[-constraints [model]] [-maxloop N] [-no-failure-reports] [-stats]
[-store [model]] build_command [build_options]

DESCRIPTION

scan-build is a Perl script that invokes the Clang static analyzer. Options used by
scan-build or by the analyzer appear first, followed by the build_command and any
build_options normally used to build the target system.

The static analyzer employs a long list of checking algorithms, see CHECKERS. Output can be
written in standard .plist and/or HTML format.

The following options are supported:

-analyze-headers
Also analyze functions in #included files.

-enable-checker checker_name, -disable-checker checker_name
Enable/disable checker_name. See CHECKERS.

-h, --help
Display this message.

--help-checkers
List default checkers, see CHECKERS.

--html-title[=title]
Specify the title used on generated HTML pages. A default title is generated if
title is not specified.

-k, --keep-going
Add a “keep on going” option to build_command. Currently supports make and
xcodebuild. This is a convenience option; one can specify this behavior directly
using build options.

-o Target directory for HTML report files. Subdirectories will be created as needed to
represent separate invocations of the analyzer. If this option is not specified, a
directory is created in /tmp (TMPDIR on Mac OS X) to store the reports.

-plist Output the results as a set of .plist files. (By default the output of scan-build is
a set of HTML files.)

-plist-html
Output the results as a set of HTML and .plist files

--status-bugs
Set exit status to 1 if it found potential bugs and 0 otherwise. By default the exit
status of scan-build is that returned by build_command.

--use-c++[=compiler_path]
Guess the default compiler for your C++ and Objective-C++ code. Use this option to
specify an alternate compiler.

--use-cc[=compiler_path]
Guess the default compiler for your C and Objective-C code. Use this option to
specify an alternate compiler.

-v Verbose output from scan-build and the analyzer. A second and third v increases
verbosity.

-V, --view
View analysis results in a web browser when the build completes.

-constraints [model]
Specify the contraint engine used by the analyzer. By default the ‘range’ model is
used. Specifying ‘basic’ uses a simpler, less powerful constraint model used by
checker-0.160 and earlier.

-maxloop N
Specifiy the number of times a block can be visited before giving up. Default is 4.
Increase for more comprehensive coverage at a cost of speed.

-no-failure-reports
Do not create a ‘failures’ subdirectory that includes analyzer crash reports and
preprocessed source files.

-stats Generates visitation statistics for the project being analyzed.

-store [model]
Specify the store model used by the analyzer. By default, the ‘region’ store model
is used. ‘region’ specifies a field- sensitive store model. Users can also specify
‘basic’ which is far less precise but can more quickly analyze code. ‘basic’ was
the default store model for checker-0.221 and earlier.

EXIT STATUS

scan-build returns the value returned by build_command unless --status-bugs or --keep-going
is used.

CHECKERS

The checkers listed below may be enabled/disabled using the -enable-checker and
-disable-checker options. A default group of checkers is run unless explicitly disabled.
Exactly which checkers constitute the default group is a function of the operating system in
use; they are listed with --help-checkers.

core.AdjustedReturnValue
Check to see if the return value of a function call is different than the caller
expects (e.g., from calls through function pointers).

core.AttributeNonNull
Check for null pointers passed as arguments to a function whose arguments are
marked with the ‘nonnull’ attribute.

core.CallAndMessage
Check for logical errors for function calls and Objective-C message expressions
(e.g., uninitialized arguments, null function pointers).

core.DivideZero
Check for division by zero.

core.NullDereference
Check for dereferences of null pointers.

core.StackAddressEscape
Check that addresses to stack memory do not escape the function.

core.UndefinedBinaryOperatorResult
Check for undefined results of binary operators.

core.VLASize
Check for declarations of VLA of undefined or zero size.

core.builtin.BuiltinFunctions
Evaluate compiler builtin functions, e.g. alloca().

core.builtin.NoReturnFunctions
Evaluate ‘panic’ functions that are known to not return to the caller.

core.uninitialized.ArraySubscript
Check for uninitialized values used as array subscripts.

core.uninitialized.Assign
Check for assigning uninitialized values.

core.uninitialized.Branch
Check for uninitialized values used as branch conditions.

core.uninitialized.CapturedBlockVariable
Check for blocks that capture uninitialized values.

core.uninitialized.UndefReturn
Check for uninitialized values being returned to the caller.

deadcode.DeadStores
Check for values stored to variables that are never read afterwards.

debug.DumpCFG
Display Control-Flow Graphs.

debug.DumpCallGraph
Display Call Graph.

debug.DumpDominators
Print the dominance tree for a given Control-Flow Graph.

debug.DumpLiveVars
Print results of live variable analysis.

debug.Stats
Emit warnings with analyzer statistics.

debug.TaintTest
Mark tainted symbols as such.

debug.ViewCFG
View Control-Flow Graphs using GraphViz.

debug.ViewCallGraph
View Call Graph using GraphViz.

llvm.Conventions
Check code for LLVM codebase conventions.

osx.API Check for proper uses of various Mac OS X APIs.

osx.AtomicCAS
Evaluate calls to OSAtomic functions.

osx.SecKeychainAPI
Check for proper uses of Secure Keychain APIs.

osx.cocoa.AtSync
Check for null pointers used as mutexes for @synchronized.

osx.cocoa.ClassRelease
Check for sending ‘retain’, ‘release,’ or ‘autorelease’ directly to a Class.

osx.cocoa.IncompatibleMethodTypes
Warn about Objective-C method signatures with type incompatibilities.

osx.cocoa.NSAutoreleasePool
Warn for suboptimal uses of NSAutoreleasePool in Objective-C GC mode.

osx.cocoa.NSError
Check usage of NSError** parameters.

osx.cocoa.NilArg
Check for prohibited nil arguments to Objective-C method calls.

osx.cocoa.RetainCount
Check for leaks and improper reference count management.

osx.cocoa.SelfInit
Check that ‘self’ is properly initialized inside an initializer method.

osx.cocoa.UnusedIvars
Warn about private ivars that are never used.

osx.cocoa.VariadicMethodTypes
Check for passing non-Objective-C types to variadic methods that expect only
Objective-C types.

osx.coreFoundation.CFError
Check usage of CFErrorRef* parameters.

osx.coreFoundation.CFNumber
Check for proper uses of CFNumberCreate().

osx.coreFoundation.CFRetainRelease
Check for null arguments to CFRetain(), CFRelease(), and CFMakeCollectable().

osx.coreFoundation.containers.OutOfBounds
Checks for index out-of-bounds when using the CFArray API.

osx.coreFoundation.containers.PointerSizedValues
Warns if CFArray, CFDictionary, or CFSet are created with non-pointer-size values.

security.FloatLoopCounter
Warn on using a floating point value as a loop counter (CERT: FLP30-C, FLP30-CPP).

security.insecureAPI.UncheckedReturn
Warn on uses of functions whose return values must be always checked.

security.insecureAPI.getpw
Warn on uses of getpw().

security.insecureAPI.gets
Warn on uses of gets().

security.insecureAPI.mkstemp
Warn when mkstemp() is passed fewer than 6 X's in the format string.

security.insecureAPI.mktemp
Warn on uses of mktemp().

security.insecureAPI.rand
Warn on uses of rand(), random(), and related functions.

security.insecureAPI.strcpy
Warn on uses of strcpy() and strcat().

security.insecureAPI.vfork
Warn on uses of vfork().

unix.API
Check calls to various UNIX/Posix functions.

unix.Malloc
Check for memory leaks, double free, and use-after-free.

unix.cstring.BadSizeArg
Check the size argument passed into C string functions for common erroneous
patterns.

unix.cstring.NullArg
Check for null pointers being passed as arguments to C string functions.

EXAMPLE

scan-build -o /tmp/myhtmldir make -j4

The above example causes analysis reports to be deposited into a subdirectory of
/tmp/myhtmldir and to run make with the -j4 option. A different subdirectory is created
each time scan-build analyzes a project. The analyzer should support most parallel builds,
but not distributed builds.

AUTHORS

scan-build was written by Ted Kremenek. Documentation contributed by
James K. Lowden <[email protected]>.

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