ืื ื’ืœื™ืชืฆืจืคืชื™ืชืกืคืจื“ื™

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ืกืžืœ OnWorks

frze - ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืŸ

ื”ืคืขืœ frze ื‘ืกืคืง ืื™ืจื•ื— ื—ื™ื ืžื™ ืฉืœ OnWorks ืขืœ Ubuntu Online, Fedora Online, ืืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ Windows ืื• ืืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ MAC OS

ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” frze ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืกืคืง ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื ืžื™ ืฉืœ OnWorks ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื—ืช ืžืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ Ubuntu Online, Fedora Online, ืืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ Windows ืื• ืืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ MAC OS

ืชึธื›ึฐื ึดื™ืช:

ืฉืึตื


vadm - ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื’ืจืกื”

ืชึทืงืฆึดื™ืจ


vadm [ ื’ืจืกื” ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ] [ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ] [ ืคืขื•ืœื” ] ืฉื..

ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช: [ -?fq ] [ -ืžื˜ืžื•ืŸ ] [ ื›ื•ื— ] [ ืขื–ืจื” ] [ -ื ื•ืžื™ื™ืœ ] [ -ืฉืึถืงึถื˜ ] [ -ืกื˜ื“ื™ืŸ ]
[ -ื”ืคืš ]

ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช: [ -ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืจืกื” ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื ] [ -attr ืชื›ื•ื ื” ] [ -ืฆ'ืื˜ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ]
[ -chmod . ] [ -ืฆ'ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ] [ -ื“ืœืื˜ืจ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืฉื ]
[ -d (ืื•ึน -ืœึดืžึฐื—ื•ึนืง) ] [ -l (ืื•ึน ืœื ืขื•ืœ) [ื’ืจืกื” ื›ืจื™ื›ื”] ] [ -ื ื™ื•ื’ืŸ ] [ -ืœืงื“ื ]
[ -ืžึทืขึฒืจึถื›ึถืช ืชื™ืื•ืจ | ื”ืขืจื•ืช | ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ] [ -ืกื˜c ื”ืขืจื” ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ]
[ -ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื ืขื™ืœื” [ื’ืจืกื” ื›ืจื™ื›ื”] ] [ -ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ]

vattr [ ื’ืจืกื” ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ] ืฉื ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ..

VRM [ ื’ืจืกื” ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ] ืฉื..

sbmt [ ื’ืจืกื” ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ] ืฉื..

publ [ ื’ืจืกื” ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ] ืฉื..

accs [ ื’ืจืกื” ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ] ืฉื..

frze [ ื’ืจืกื” ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ] ืฉื..

ืชื™ืื•ืจ


vadm ื”ื™ื ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ AtFS
ืžืื’ืจ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืขื•ืœ ืื• ืœืคืชื•ื— ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ AtFS ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ืœ
ืžื—ืง ืžื•ืคืข ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื™ื™ืš ืฉืžื•ืช ืกืžืœื™ื™ื (ื›ื™ื ื•ื™) ืœื’ืจืกื”
ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื’ืจืกื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืžืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ืื—ื“ ืœืžืฉื ื”ื•, ืœ
ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืื•ืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืขืจืš ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื
ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื’ืจืกื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœ
ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื• ื›ืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ.

vattr ื• VRM ื”ื ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืงืฆืจื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ vadm -attr ื• vadm -ืœึดืžึฐื—ื•ึนืง. ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ
-attr ื• -ืœึดืžึฐื—ื•ึนืง ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื.

sbmt, publ, accs, ื• frze ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ vadm ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืกื˜ึธื˜ื•ึผืก-
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื’ืจืกื”. ืจืื” ืืช ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” -ืœืงื“ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื.

ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ืช ืžืชื•ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืื—ื“ ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ื’ืจืกื”
ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืคื™ื”ืŸ, ื ืคืขื•ืœื” - ื”ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ
ืกื•ื’ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข, ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืชืช-ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช
ืฉืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœืฆื™ื”.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ื’ืจืกื” ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื”ื” ื
ื’ืจืกื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ (ืœืžืฉืœ mkattr.c[2.4]). ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘- a
ื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืกืžืœื™ ืฉื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื’ืจืกื” ืžืกืคืจื™ืช (ืœืžืฉืœ
mkattr.c[tools-V4R3]). ื”ืงืคื“ ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžืกืžืœื™ ื”ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ CSH(1) or
tcsh(1) ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.

ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช


ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื’ืจืกื”, ื›ืœ ื’ืจืกื” ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืื•ึนืคึผึฐืฆึดื™ึธื”, ื›ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘- vbind(1) ื™ื“ื ื™
ืขืžื•ื“, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืช, ืื• ื ื’ืจืกื” ืœืื’ื“ ื”ื•ืจืื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืกืคื• ืœืงื•ื‘ืฅ
ืฉื.

-?, ืขื–ืจื”
ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืงืฆืจื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ vadm

-ืžื˜ืžื•ืŸ ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉืช ืขืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ ื ื’ื–ืจ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžื˜ืžื•ืŸ. ื”
ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืขืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ ืžืื’ืจ ื‘ื™ื ืืจื™ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช.

-ื•, ื›ื•ื—
ืืœ ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืขืช ืžื—ื™ืงืช ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืžื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.

-ื ื•ืžื™ื™ืœ
ื“ื—ืง ืืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื”ื”ืชืจืื” ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืชื™
ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” (-ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื ืขื™ืœื” ืื•ึนืคึผึฐืฆึดื™ึธื”).

-q, -ืฉืึถืงึถื˜
ืœื“ื›ื ื›ืœ ื”ื ื—ื™ื”, ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื ืจืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื. ืขืจื›ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ื”ื
ื”ื ื—ื” ืœื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื—ืงืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™. ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื•
ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืœืชืคืขื•ืœ ืืฆื•ื•ื”.

-ืกื˜ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช vadm ืœืงืจื•ื ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™, ื”ืขืจื” ืื• ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืงืœื˜ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืื
ืคืขื•ืœื” -ืžึทืขึฒืจึถื›ึถืช ื ื‘ื—ืจ. ื”ืคืชืง ืžืฉืžืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ AtFS ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื•. ืื—ืจืช
ื”ืขื•ืจืš ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ืขืœื™ืš (ื ืœืงื— ืžืžืฉืชื ื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” EDITOR) ืžื•ืคืขืœ.

-ื”ืคืš
ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื’ืจืกืช ื”ื“ืคืกื” ืขืœ vadm ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขืฆืžื”. ืฉื•ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื”
ืžื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืžืกื“ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.

vadm ื™ื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื’ืจืกืช AtFS. ื‘
ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื›ื–ื•, ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืชื•ื—ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื ืฉืžืจ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”
ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜/ื™ื ื”ื ืงื•ื‘ื™ื.

ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช


ืกื•ื’ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืขืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ AtFS ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื
ืžื™ืœืช ืžืคืชื—. ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช:

-ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืจืกื” ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื
ืžืงืฆื” ืืช ื’ืจืกื” ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื ืœื’ืจืกื” ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื”. ื”ืฉื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื›ื™ื ื•ื™
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื’ืจืกื”, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื›ืœ ืฉื ืกืžืœื™ ืื—ืจ
ืžื•ืงืฆื” ืœื›ืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื’ืจืกื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžืกื•ื™ื. ื–ื”, ืขื ื–ืืช,
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืฉื ืกืžืœื™ ืœืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื’ืจืกื” ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜
ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžืกื•ืžื ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืงื•ื‘ืฅ
ืฉื.
ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืืš ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœืฉื™ื™ืš ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืจื›ื™ื‘
ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืฆื•ืจื”. ืฉืžื•ืช ืกืžืœื™ื™ื ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื™ืจืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•
Mysystem_Release_4.22, ื”ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื’ืจืกื” ื‘ืฉื ื–ื” ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืž
ื’ืจืกื” 4.22 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช.

-attr ืฉื ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช
ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉื. ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืชึถืงึถืŸ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืื•
ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืชื›ื•ื ื”. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืœืžื˜ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื
ืฉืžื•ืช ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช.

-attr ืฉื ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช[+|-]=[@|^|!|*]ืขืจืš
ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืขื ืฉื ืฉื ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื•ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœืขืจืš ืขืจืš
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื”ื’ืจืกื” ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื•. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื’ื ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš
ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืชึถืงึถืŸ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช (ืจืื” ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืœืžื˜ื”). ืื ืฉื ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ื• ื
ืกืžืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉื•ื•ื”, ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ (ืื• ืžืื•ืคืก) ืœ-
ืขืจืš ืฉืฆื•ื™ืŸ. ื›ืœ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื™ื•ื—ืœืคื•. ืื ืฉื ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช is
ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ``plus-equal'' (+=), ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื”
ื”ืขืจืš ื™ืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœืขืจืš ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืคื ื™ื” ืืœื™ื”.
ื‘ื”ืชืื, ``ืžื™ื ื•ืก-ืฉื•ื•ื”'' (-=) ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื ืชื•ืŸ
ืชึฐื›ื•ึผื ึธื”. ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™, ื”ืกืจื” ืฉืœ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื™ื ื”
ื ืชืžืš.
ื™ืฉื ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืจื›ื™ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ: ืืžื™ืชื™ ืขืจื›ื™ื,
ื”ืคื ื™ื” ืขืจื›ื™ื, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืœื”ื•ืจื’ ืขืจื›ื™ื, ื• ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืจื›ื™ื. ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื”
ื”ืขืจืš ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ. ืื ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืขืจืš ื”ื•ื ื‘
ืชื• (@), ืฉืืจ ืขืจืš ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœ ืฉื of a ืคื™ืœื” ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ
ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ืœืงื— ื›ืขืจืš ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื”. ื”ื—ืœืคื” ื–ื• ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช
ืžื™ื“, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืชื›ื•ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ืืžื™ืชื™. ืื ืฉื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฆื•ื™ืŸ
ื‘ืชื•ืจ ``-'', ืขืจืš ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืงืจื ืžืงืœื˜ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™. ืื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืชื• circumflex (^), ืฉืืจ ืขืจืš ืžืชืคืจืฉ ื›
ืฉื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื• ื™ื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื”
ืžึฐืฆื•ึผื˜ึธื˜. ืื ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืขืจืš ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืื” (!), ื”
ืฉืืจ ืขืจืš ืžืชืคืจืฉ ื› ืฉื of a ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื”ืคืœื˜ ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื”
ืžื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื˜ื˜ืช. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื›ื“ื™
ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื™ื’ืจื™ื ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื. ื
ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืช (*) ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืจืš ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืœื’ืจืกื” ืื—ืจืช. ื‘
ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ืฉืืจ ื”ืขืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืžืื•ื’ื“ ื—ื•ืงื™.
ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™. ื›ืœ ืจืฆืฃ ืฉืœ ASCII
ืชื•ื•ื™ื - ืœืžืขื˜ \01 (control-A) - ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ an
ืขืจืš ืชื›ื•ื ื”. ืื ืฉื ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ืœืขืจืš ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ื
ื™ื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”.

-attr @attrfile
ืขื @ืฉื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ, ื” -attr ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืงื•ืจืืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ
ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ื ืงืจื ื›ืœ ืขืจืš (ื›ืœ ืฉื•ืจื”) ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘
ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ื›ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ. ื”ืชื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
ืื•ืคื™.

-ืฆ'ืื˜ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ
ืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื’ืจืกื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ
ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืฉืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื–ื•. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื›ืžื• ื”ืจืฉืื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช
ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ, ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื›ืš
ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ.

-chmod .
ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืงื•ื“ ื”ืจืฉืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื”ื’ืจืกื” ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ืœืงื•ื“ ืฉืกื•ืคืง
ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืกืคืจื•ืช ืื•ืงื˜ืœื™ื•ืช .. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืจืฉืื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘
ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ UNIX ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ื, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”, ื• ืขื•ึนืœึธื ื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื”
ืœืงืจื•ื, ืœึดื›ืชื•ึนื‘, ื• ืœื‘ืฆืข. ื”ื”ืจืฉืื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืž
ื”ืจืฉืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ืขืกื•ืง ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช AtFS. ืœึดืจึฐืื•ึนืช
chmod(2) ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื.

-ืฆ'ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ
ืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœืžื”. ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื ืชืžื›ืช ื‘-
ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ BSD, ืฉื›ืŸ ืจืง ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ืขืœ ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ.

-ื“ืœืื˜ืจ ืฉื ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช
ืžื•ื—ืง ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืฉื ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื™ื›ื•ืช
ืขื ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื”ื’ืจืกื” ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื•.

-ื“, -ืœึดืžึฐื—ื•ึนืง
ืžืกื™ืจ ืืช ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื”ื’ืจืกื” ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื, ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื
ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ืœ. ื›ืœ ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ืื—ืจ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜
ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš. ืื ื”ืžืชื›ื ืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืžื—ื•ืง ื›ื–ื”
ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื’ืจืกื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ -ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœ
ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.

-ืœ, ืœื ืขื•ืœ [ื’ืจืกื” ื›ืจื™ื›ื”]
ืžื ืกื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืจืฉืื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื’ืจืกื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื, ื›ืš
ืžื•ื ืข ืžืžืกืคืจ ืžืชื›ื ืชื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืกื™ืก ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข
ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ. ืื ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื ืขื™ืœื” ืชืฆืœื™ื—,
ื”ืจืฉืืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—.
ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื ืขื™ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื, ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ
ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื.
ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื ืขื•ืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ืขื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™
ื›ืœ ืžืชื›ื ืช ืื—ืจ, ื•ื”ืžืชื›ื ืช ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ื”ื ืขื™ืœื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”
ื”ืจืฉืื” ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” AtFS ื”ืžืืจื— ืืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื.
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉ-ShapeTools ืžืืคืฉืจ ื ืขื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ืœื ืขื•ืœ
ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ืžืฆืคื” ืœื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ. ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
ื“ื•ึนืจ. ื”ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื•ืจ (ืœืžืฉืœ 2), ืžืกืคืจ ื’ืจืกื”
(ืœึฐืžึธืฉืึธืœ 1.4), ืื• ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ืจืกื” (ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ-4.7).

-ื ื™ื•ื’ืŸ
ืคื•ืชื— ื“ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืคื•ืœ ื”ื’ืจืกื” ืฉื–ื•ื”ืชื”. ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
ื ึธืขื•ึผืœ. ืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ื• ืžืชืขืœืžืช ืžื›ืœ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืขืกื•ืงื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช. ืื ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจืกื”
ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช, ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื ืฉืžืจื” ื ืœืงื—ืช ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžื—ื“ืœ.

-ืœืงื“ื
ืžืงืฆื” ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื‘ื-ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื•' ื”ื™ื• ืชึฐื›ื•ึผื ึธื”. ื™ืฉ
ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืคืข ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘: ืขืกื•ืง, ืฉืžื•ืจ, ืžื•ึผืฆึธืข, ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ,
ื ื™ื’ืฉ, ื• ืงืคื•ื. ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื’ืจืกื” ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื ืจืื•ืช ื•
ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื•ืช (ืจืื” ืœืžืฉืœ -ืœึดืžึฐื—ื•ึนืง) ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘
ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื™ืฉ ืžืื•ื“
ืžืขื˜ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื‘ืžืœื•ืื•, ืžืฆื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื
ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ื›ืจืื•ื™. ื”
ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืกื•ืง โ†’ ื ืฉืžืจ ื• ื ืฉืžืจ โ†’ ืžื•ืฆืข ื™ื•ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชื›ื ืชื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื,
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื–ื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ึนื™ึถืงื˜
ืžื ื”ืœ.
ื›ืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ืื• ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœืœื™
ืขืจื›ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืชื•ื›ื ื”. ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช/ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืืœื•
ื ืชืžืš ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื›ืขืช ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื—,
ื”ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ืขื•ื“ (ืœืžืขื˜,
ืื•ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืืžื” ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื).
ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืžืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”:
ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ (ืขืกื•ืง โ†’ ื ืฉืžืจ, ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชื›ื ืช)
sbmt (ื ืฉืžืจ โ†’ ืžื•ืฆืข, ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชื›ื ืช)
ืccpt (ืžื•ืฆืข โ†’ ืคื•ืจืกื, ืžื‘ื•ืฆืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜)
accs (ืคื•ืจืกื โ†’ ื ื’ื™ืฉ, ืžื‘ื•ืฆืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜)
ืœืฉื—ืจืจ (ื’ื™ืฉื” โ†’ ืงืคื•ื, ืžื‘ื•ืฆืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜)
ืžืžืฉืง ืฉื•ื ื” ืœืžืชืงื ื™ ื‘ืงืจืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ vadm ืžืกื•ืคืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™
ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช sbmt, publ, accs, ื• frze. ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ, ืœืคืจืกื, ื’ื™ืฉื”, ื• ืœื”ืงืคื™ื.
ื—ืคืฉ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืžื‘ืฆืข ืžืชื›ื ืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ืฆืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ
ื‘ืงืฉืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืœืžื”) ืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœื”ื›ืœืœื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช
ืชึฐืฆื•ึผืจึธื”. ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื”ืžืฉื•ื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื•ึผืฆึธืข.
ืœืคืจืกื ื”ื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช
ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ืฆืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชื›ื ืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืื•ืฉืจืช
ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืชืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช. ื”ืžืฉื•ื™ืš
ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ืœืื•ืจ.
ื’ึดื™ืฉืึธื” ื”ื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืชืฆื•ืจื”, ื›ืืฉืจ
ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ (ืชืช) ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ืื—ืจ (ื—ืœืงื™)
(ืชืช) ืชืฆื•ืจืช ืžืขืจื›ืช. ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื”ืžืฉื•ื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื ืฆืคื”.
ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ื”ื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืชืฆื•ืจื”, ื›ืืฉืจ
ื ื•ืฆืจื” ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืชืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ื”ืžืฉื•ื™ืš
ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ืงืคื•ื

-ืžึทืขึฒืจึถื›ึถืช [ืชื™ืื•ืจ | ื”ืขืจื•ืช | ื›ื•ื•ื ื”]
ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื˜ึถืงืกื˜ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ AtFS (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ an
ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ืจืกืื•ืช), ื” ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ืจืกื”
ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื’ืจืกื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉืœื•, ืื• ืขืจืš ื”ืžืชืืจ ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. (ืžื—ื“ืฉ) ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื”, ืื ื ืงื‘ืขื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ
ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืฆืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื sbmt ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืฉืžืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœ ืขืœ an
ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื.
vadm ื™ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ืจืš ืžืฉืชื ื” ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช
ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื•. ืื ื” ืขื•ืจืš ื”ืžืฉืชื ื” ืœื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ, ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช
ืขื•ืจืš ื™ื•ืคืขืœ. ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืจืš ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ ืื•
ืจืฉื•ื ื”ืขืจื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืจืš. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืขื•ื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืจืš, ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื
ืžืื•ื—ืกืŸ ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืื• ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื”ื’ืจืกื” ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื•.

-ืกื˜c comment_string
ืกื˜ื™ื ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ (ืจืฆืฃ) ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืขืจื•ืช
ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื–ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืžืš. ื”ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช_ื”ืขืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืชื•ืฆื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื”-
ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืžืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื” $__log$ ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืœ
ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ.

-ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื ืขื™ืœื”
ืžื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจืฉืื” ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ AtFS
ื•ืžื ืงื” ืืช ื”ืจืฉืืช ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื. -ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื ืขื™ืœื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™
ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืœ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ a ืœื ืขื•ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ืžืชื›ื ืช.
ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืžื‘ื•ื™ ืกืชื•ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจืฉืœื ื™ ื‘
ืœื ืขื•ืœ, ืื• ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜
ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื’ื ืื ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืงื™ื™ื. ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืจ
ื ืขื™ืœื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื“ื•ืืจ. ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื“ื•ืืจ
ืขืœ ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืฆื‘ืŸ (ืœืžืฉืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืฅ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืืœ
ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื• ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ืจ ืขื ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืขืกื•ืงื•ืช ื ืขื•ืœื•ืช; ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘
ืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื”ืขืกื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื‘-
ืืชืจ ื—ื“ืฉ). ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื–ื•, ื”ืžืชื’ -ื ื•ืžื™ื™ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื›ื ื“ื•ืืจ
ื”ื•ื“ืขื”.
ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืข ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ (ืจืื” ืœื ืขื•ืœ) ื™ื ื•ืงื”.
ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช, ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” AtFS
ืื™ืจื•ื— ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื.

-ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื
ื”ื•ืคืš ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืข ื“ืจืš ืงื•ื“ืžืช -ืœืงื“ื. ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืขืจื•ืช
ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื” ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ืช (ื•ื›ืš ื”ืกืชืจื” ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”) ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ -ืœืงื“ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“ -ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื.

ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืžืจืืฉ ืชึฐื›ื•ึผื ึธื” ืฉืžื•ืช


ืฉื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืจืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช

ื’ืจืกืช ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื™ื ื•ื™, ื›ืžื•1,3
``vadm-4.2pre7'' ืื• ``ShapeTools-1.4''
ื–ืžืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืœืžืฉืœ ``ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ 14 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 18:47:06 1992''3
ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืฉืžืจ ื’ืจืกื” [ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ื"ืœ] (ืฉื ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื” 1,3
ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ืฉื ื”ืžืืจื—)
ืžืคืชื— ืžื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืกื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื˜ืžื•ืŸ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืกืคืจื™ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืž-3
ืชืืจื™ืš ื™ืฆื™ืจื”, ืžื–ื”ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ืกื“ืจื”
ืžืกืคืจ ืœืžืฉืœ ``740148430.18469.6''
ืกืžืœ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืขืจื•ืช clead ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ1
ืœืžืฉืœ ``# '' ืขื‘ื•ืจ Shapefiles
ื–ืžืŸ ctime ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื› ื–ืžืŸ
ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ modulemulti line text2
ื’ื•ื“ืœ dsize ืฉืœ ื“ืœืชื ืœืžืกืคืจื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื
ื’ืจืกื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื
ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืžืกืคืจื™1,3
ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœ ื’ืจืกื” ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ RCS
ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืจื‘ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช 2
ืฉื ื”ืžืืจื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžืืจื— ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™, ืœืžืฉืœ ``avalanche'' 3
ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉื•ืจื•ืช
ืžื›ืœ ื”ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
ืขื“ ื–ื”
ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžื ืขื•ืœ/ืœื•ืงืจ ืฉื ื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžื—ื‘ืจ3
ื–ืžืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืกืงืช ื ืขื™ืœื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื› ื–ืžืŸ3
ื”ื’ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžืฉืœ ``-rw-r--r--'' 1
ื–ืžืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ as ื–ืžืŸ3
ืฉื ืฉื ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ืžื–ื”ื” ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜, ืœืžืฉืœ ``foo'' ืขื‘ื•ืจ ``foo.c''3
ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื”ืขืจื” ืงืฆืจื” ื”ืžืชืืจืช โ€‹โ€‹ืืช ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช 1, 2
ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื–ื•
ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžืื’ืจ ื‘-as ืžื—ื‘ืจ1,3
ืฉื’ืจืกื” ื–ื• ืžืื•ื—ืกื ืช ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ
ืžื–ื”ื” ื’ืจืกื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืžืจืืฉ ืฉืœ ืœืžืฉืœ ``foo.c[3.22]'' ืื• ``n/a''
ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช
ื’ืจืกื” ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื’ืจืกื” ืžืกืคืจื™ืช1,3
ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื ื ืขืœื” ื› ื–ืžืŸ
ืžื–ื”ื” ื’ืจืกื” ื‘ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืฉืœ ``foo.c[3.23]''
ื’ืจืกื” ื–ื•
ืžื–ื”ื” ื’ืจืกื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื ืชื™ื‘ ืขืฆืžื™ fore.g. ``/usr/proj/sample/foo.c[3.23]''
ื’ืจืกื” ื–ื• ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ืชื™ื‘
ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื numeric3
ืžืฆื‘/ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื’ื™ืจืกืช ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ืกืžืœื™ื™ื (ืชืคื•ืก,1,3
ื ืฉืžืจ, ื”ืฆื™ืข, ืคื•ืจืกื,
ื’ื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ื•ืงืคืื”)
ื–ืžืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื ืฉืžืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื–ืžืŸ3
ืžื–ื”ื” ื’ืจืกื” ื›ื‘ื•ืœ succ ืฉืœ as ืœืคื ื™
ื’ืจืกื” ืจืฆื•ืคื”
ืฉื ื ืชื™ื‘ syspath ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜, ืœืžืฉืœ ``/usr/proj/sample''3
ืžื–ื”ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ``/usr/proj/sample/foo.c''
ื”ืงืœื“ ืกื™ื•ืžืช ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜, ืœืžืฉืœ ``c'' ืขื‘ื•ืจ ``foo.c''3
ืžื–ื”ื”
unixname ืฉื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ UNIX ืฉืœ versione.g ื–ื”. ``foo.c''
unixpath ืฉื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ UNIX ืฉืœ versione.g ื–ื”. ``/usr/proj/sample/foo.c''
ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ืชื™ื‘
ื’ืจืกื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื’ืจืกื” ืœืžืฉืœ ``3.22''1,3
ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื“ื•ืจ
ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื’ืจืกื”
ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืกื” vtime, ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื› ื–ืžืŸ
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืขืžื•ืกื•ืช ืื• ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช/ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื˜ืžื•ืŸ
ืชื›ื•ื ืช ืคืกืื•ื“ื• xpoff ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืœื
ื›ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืงื‘
ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช
ืชื›ื•ื ืช ืคืกืื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ xpon ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืœื
ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ
ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘

1 - ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ vadm -attr ืฉื = ืขืจืš.
2 - ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ vadm -ืžึทืขึฒืจึถื›ึถืช .
3 - ืžื•ื›ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ attr* ืคืจื“ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ ืื™ื’ื“ ื’ืจืกื” (ืจืื” ื›ืœืœื™ื ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื(7)).

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ืขื•ืจืš

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