mia-2dmyoserial-nonrigid - Online in the Cloud

PROGRAM:

NAME

mia-2dmyoserial-nonrigid - Run a serial registration of a series of 2D images.

SYNOPSIS

mia-2dmyoserial-nonrigid -i <in-file> -o <out-file> [options] <PLUGINS:2dimage/fullcost>

DESCRIPTION

mia-2dmyoserial-nonrigid This program runs the non-rigid motion compensation registration
of an perfusion image series. The registration is run in a serial manner, this is, only
images in temporal succession are registered, and the obtained transformations are applied
accumulated to reach full registration. See e.g. Wollny, G., Ledesma-Carbayo, M.J.,
Kellman, P., Santos, A. "A New Similarity Measure for Non-Rigid Breathing Motion
Compensation of Myocardial Perfusion MRI ". Proc 30th Annual International IEEE EMBS
Conference, pp. 3389-3392. Vancouver, Aug. 2008, doi:10.1109/IEMBS.2008.4649933,

OPTIONS

File-IO
-i --in-file=(input, required); string
input perfusion data set

-o --out-file=(output, required); string
output perfusion data set

-R --registered=reg
file name base for registered fiels

Registration
-O --optimizer=gsl:opt=gd,step=0.1
Optimizer used for minimizationOptimizer used for minimization For
supported plugins see PLUGINS:minimizer/singlecost

-l --mg-levels=3
multi-resolution levelsmulti-resolution levels

-f --transForm=spline:rate=16,penalty=[divcurl:weight=0.01]
transformation typetransformation type For supported plugins see
PLUGINS:2dimage/transform

-r --ref=-1
reference frame (-1 == use image in the middle)reference frame (-1 == use
image in the middle)

-k --skip=0
skip registration of these images at the beginning of the seriesskip
registration of these images at the beginning of the series

Help & Info
-V --verbose=warning
verbosity of output, print messages of given level and higher priorities.
Supported priorities starting at lowest level are:
info ‐ Low level messages
trace ‐ Function call trace
fail ‐ Report test failures
warning ‐ Warnings
error ‐ Report errors
debug ‐ Debug output
message ‐ Normal messages
fatal ‐ Report only fatal errors

--copyright
print copyright information

-h --help
print this help

-? --usage
print a short help

--version
print the version number and exit

Processing
--threads=-1
Maxiumum number of threads to use for processing,This number should be lower
or equal to the number of logical processor cores in the machine. (-1:
automatic estimation).Maxiumum number of threads to use for processing,This
number should be lower or equal to the number of logical processor cores in
the machine. (-1: automatic estimation).

PLUGINS: 1d/splinebc

mirror Spline interpolation boundary conditions that mirror on the boundary

(no parameters)

repeat Spline interpolation boundary conditions that repeats the value at the boundary

(no parameters)

zero Spline interpolation boundary conditions that assumes zero for values outside

(no parameters)

PLUGINS: 1d/splinekernel

bspline B-spline kernel creation , supported parameters are:

d = 3; int in [0, 5]
Spline degree.

omoms OMoms-spline kernel creation, supported parameters are:

d = 3; int in [3, 3]
Spline degree.

PLUGINS: 2dimage/cost

lncc local normalized cross correlation with masking support., supported parameters
are:

w = 5; uint in [1, 256]
half width of the window used for evaluating the localized cross
correlation.

lsd Least-Squares Distance measure

(no parameters)

mi Spline parzen based mutual information., supported parameters are:

cut = 0; float in [0, 40]
Percentage of pixels to cut at high and low intensities to remove
outliers.

mbins = 64; uint in [1, 256]
Number of histogram bins used for the moving image.

mkernel = [bspline:d=3]; factory
Spline kernel for moving image parzen hinstogram. For supported plug-ins
see PLUGINS:1d/splinekernel

rbins = 64; uint in [1, 256]
Number of histogram bins used for the reference image.

rkernel = [bspline:d=0]; factory
Spline kernel for reference image parzen hinstogram. For supported plug-
ins see PLUGINS:1d/splinekernel

ncc normalized cross correlation.

(no parameters)

ngf This function evaluates the image similarity based on normalized gradient
fields. Various evaluation kernels are availabe., supported parameters are:

eval = ds; dict
plugin subtype. Supported values are:
sq ‐ square of difference
ds ‐ square of scaled difference
dot ‐ scalar product kernel
cross ‐ cross product kernel

ssd 2D imaga cost: sum of squared differences, supported parameters are:

autothresh = 0; float in [0, 1000]
Use automatic masking of the moving image by only takeing intensity values
into accound that are larger than the given threshold.

norm = 0; bool
Set whether the metric should be normalized by the number of image pixels.

ssd-automask
2D image cost: sum of squared differences, with automasking based on given
thresholds, supported parameters are:

rthresh = 0; double
Threshold intensity value for reference image.

sthresh = 0; double
Threshold intensity value for source image.

PLUGINS: 2dimage/fullcost

image Generalized image similarity cost function that also handles multi-resolution
processing. The actual similarity measure is given es extra parameter.,
supported parameters are:

cost = ssd; factory
Cost function kernel. For supported plug-ins see PLUGINS:2dimage/cost

debug = 0; bool
Save intermediate resuts for debugging.

ref =(input, string)
Reference image.

src =(input, string)
Study image.

weight = 1; float
weight of cost function.

labelimage
Similarity cost function that maps labels of two images and handles label-
preserving multi-resolution processing., supported parameters are:

debug = 0; int in [0, 1]
write the distance transforms to a 3D image.

maxlabel = 256; int in [2, 32000]
maximum number of labels to consider.

ref =(input, string)
Reference image.

src =(input, string)
Study image.

weight = 1; float
weight of cost function.

maskedimage
Generalized masked image similarity cost function that also handles multi-
resolution processing. The provided masks should be densly filled regions in
multi-resolution procesing because otherwise the mask information may get lost
when downscaling the image. The reference mask and the transformed mask of the
study image are combined by binary AND. The actual similarity measure is given
es extra parameter., supported parameters are:

cost = ssd; factory
Cost function kernel. For supported plug-ins see
PLUGINS:2dimage/maskedcost

ref =(input, string)
Reference image.

ref-mask =(input, string)
Reference image mask (binary).

src =(input, string)
Study image.

src-mask =(input, string)
Study image mask (binary).

weight = 1; float
weight of cost function.

PLUGINS: 2dimage/io

bmp BMP 2D-image input/output support

Recognized file extensions: .BMP, .bmp

Supported element types:
binary data, unsigned 8 bit, unsigned 16 bit

datapool Virtual IO to and from the internal data pool

Recognized file extensions: .@

dicom 2D image io for DICOM

Recognized file extensions: .DCM, .dcm

Supported element types:
signed 16 bit, unsigned 16 bit

exr a 2dimage io plugin for OpenEXR images

Recognized file extensions: .EXR, .exr

Supported element types:
unsigned 32 bit, floating point 32 bit

jpg a 2dimage io plugin for jpeg gray scale images

Recognized file extensions: .JPEG, .JPG, .jpeg, .jpg

Supported element types:
unsigned 8 bit

png a 2dimage io plugin for png images

Recognized file extensions: .PNG, .png

Supported element types:
binary data, unsigned 8 bit, unsigned 16 bit

raw RAW 2D-image output support

Recognized file extensions: .RAW, .raw

Supported element types:
binary data, signed 8 bit, unsigned 8 bit, signed 16 bit, unsigned 16 bit,
signed 32 bit, unsigned 32 bit, floating point 32 bit, floating point 64
bit

tif TIFF 2D-image input/output support

Recognized file extensions: .TIF, .TIFF, .tif, .tiff

Supported element types:
binary data, unsigned 8 bit, unsigned 16 bit, unsigned 32 bit

vista a 2dimage io plugin for vista images

Recognized file extensions: .V, .VISTA, .v, .vista

Supported element types:
binary data, signed 8 bit, unsigned 8 bit, signed 16 bit, unsigned 16 bit,
signed 32 bit, unsigned 32 bit, floating point 32 bit, floating point 64
bit

PLUGINS: 2dimage/maskedcost

lncc local normalized cross correlation with masking support., supported parameters
are:

w = 5; uint in [1, 256]
half width of the window used for evaluating the localized cross
correlation.

mi Spline parzen based mutual information with masking., supported parameters are:

cut = 0; float in [0, 40]
Percentage of pixels to cut at high and low intensities to remove
outliers.

mbins = 64; uint in [1, 256]
Number of histogram bins used for the moving image.

mkernel = [bspline:d=3]; factory
Spline kernel for moving image parzen hinstogram. For supported plug-ins
see PLUGINS:1d/splinekernel

rbins = 64; uint in [1, 256]
Number of histogram bins used for the reference image.

rkernel = [bspline:d=0]; factory
Spline kernel for reference image parzen hinstogram. For supported plug-
ins see PLUGINS:1d/splinekernel

ncc normalized cross correlation with masking support.

(no parameters)

ssd Sum of squared differences with masking.

(no parameters)

PLUGINS: 2dimage/transform

affine Affine transformation (six degrees of freedom)., supported parameters are:

imgboundary = mirror; factory
image interpolation boundary conditions. For supported plug-ins see
PLUGINS:1d/splinebc

imgkernel = [bspline:d=3]; factory
image interpolator kernel. For supported plug-ins see
PLUGINS:1d/splinekernel

rigid Rigid transformations (i.e. rotation and translation, three degrees of
freedom)., supported parameters are:

imgboundary = mirror; factory
image interpolation boundary conditions. For supported plug-ins see
PLUGINS:1d/splinebc

imgkernel = [bspline:d=3]; factory
image interpolator kernel. For supported plug-ins see
PLUGINS:1d/splinekernel

rot-center = [[0,0]]; 2dfvector
Relative rotation center, i.e. <0.5,0.5> corresponds to the center of the
support rectangle.

rotation Rotation transformations (i.e. rotation about a given center, one degree of
freedom)., supported parameters are:

imgboundary = mirror; factory
image interpolation boundary conditions. For supported plug-ins see
PLUGINS:1d/splinebc

imgkernel = [bspline:d=3]; factory
image interpolator kernel. For supported plug-ins see
PLUGINS:1d/splinekernel

rot-center = [[0,0]]; 2dfvector
Relative rotation center, i.e. <0.5,0.5> corresponds to the center of the
support rectangle.

spline Free-form transformation that can be described by a set of B-spline coefficients
and an underlying B-spline kernel., supported parameters are:

anisorate = [[0,0]]; 2dfvector
anisotropic coefficient rate in pixels, nonpositive values will be
overwritten by the 'rate' value..

imgboundary = mirror; factory
image interpolation boundary conditions. For supported plug-ins see
PLUGINS:1d/splinebc

imgkernel = [bspline:d=3]; factory
image interpolator kernel. For supported plug-ins see
PLUGINS:1d/splinekernel

kernel = [bspline:d=3]; factory
transformation spline kernel.. For supported plug-ins see
PLUGINS:1d/splinekernel

penalty = ; factory
Transformation penalty term. For supported plug-ins see
PLUGINS:2dtransform/splinepenalty

rate = 10; float in [1, inf)
isotropic coefficient rate in pixels.

translate Translation only (two degrees of freedom), supported parameters are:

imgboundary = mirror; factory
image interpolation boundary conditions. For supported plug-ins see
PLUGINS:1d/splinebc

imgkernel = [bspline:d=3]; factory
image interpolator kernel. For supported plug-ins see
PLUGINS:1d/splinekernel

vf This plug-in implements a transformation that defines a translation for each
point of the grid defining the domain of the transformation., supported
parameters are:

imgboundary = mirror; factory
image interpolation boundary conditions. For supported plug-ins see
PLUGINS:1d/splinebc

imgkernel = [bspline:d=3]; factory
image interpolator kernel. For supported plug-ins see
PLUGINS:1d/splinekernel

PLUGINS: 2dtransform/splinepenalty

divcurl divcurl penalty on the transformation, supported parameters are:

curl = 1; float in [0, inf)
penalty weight on curl.

div = 1; float in [0, inf)
penalty weight on divergence.

norm = 0; bool
Set to 1 if the penalty should be normalized with respect to the image
size.

weight = 1; float in (0, inf)
weight of penalty energy.

PLUGINS: minimizer/singlecost

gdas Gradient descent with automatic step size correction., supported parameters are:

ftolr = 0; double in [0, inf)
Stop if the relative change of the criterion is below..

max-step = 2; double in (0, inf)
Maximal absolute step size.

maxiter = 200; uint in [1, inf)
Stopping criterion: the maximum number of iterations.

min-step = 0.1; double in (0, inf)
Minimal absolute step size.

xtola = 0.01; double in [0, inf)
Stop if the inf-norm of the change applied to x is below this value..

gdsq Gradient descent with quadratic step estimation, supported parameters are:

ftolr = 0; double in [0, inf)
Stop if the relative change of the criterion is below..

gtola = 0; double in [0, inf)
Stop if the inf-norm of the gradient is below this value..

maxiter = 100; uint in [1, inf)
Stopping criterion: the maximum number of iterations.

scale = 2; double in (1, inf)
Fallback fixed step size scaling.

step = 0.1; double in (0, inf)
Initial step size.

xtola = 0; double in [0, inf)
Stop if the inf-norm of x-update is below this value..

gsl optimizer plugin based on the multimin optimizers ofthe GNU Scientific Library
(GSL) https://www.gnu.org/software/gsl/, supported parameters are:

eps = 0.01; double in (0, inf)
gradient based optimizers: stop when |grad| < eps, simplex: stop when
simplex size < eps..

iter = 100; uint in [1, inf)
maximum number of iterations.

opt = gd; dict
Specific optimizer to be used.. Supported values are:
bfgs ‐ Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shann
bfgs2 ‐ Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shann (most efficient version)
cg-fr ‐ Flecher-Reeves conjugate gradient algorithm
gd ‐ Gradient descent.
simplex ‐ Simplex algorithm of Nelder and Mead
cg-pr ‐ Polak-Ribiere conjugate gradient algorithm

step = 0.001; double in (0, inf)
initial step size.

tol = 0.1; double in (0, inf)
some tolerance parameter.

nlopt Minimizer algorithms using the NLOPT library, for a description of the
optimizers please see 'http://ab-
initio.mit.edu/wiki/index.php/NLopt_Algorithms', supported parameters are:

ftola = 0; double in [0, inf)
Stopping criterion: the absolute change of the objective value is below
this value.

ftolr = 0; double in [0, inf)
Stopping criterion: the relative change of the objective value is below
this value.

higher = inf; double
Higher boundary (equal for all parameters).

local-opt = none; dict
local minimization algorithm that may be required for the main
minimization algorithm.. Supported values are:
gn-orig-direct-l ‐ Dividing Rectangles (original implementation,
locally biased)
gn-direct-l-noscal ‐ Dividing Rectangles (unscaled, locally biased)
gn-isres ‐ Improved Stochastic Ranking Evolution Strategy
ld-tnewton ‐ Truncated Newton
gn-direct-l-rand ‐ Dividing Rectangles (locally biased, randomized)
ln-newuoa ‐ Derivative-free Unconstrained Optimization by Iteratively
Constructed Quadratic Approximation
gn-direct-l-rand-noscale ‐ Dividing Rectangles (unscaled, locally
biased, randomized)
gn-orig-direct ‐ Dividing Rectangles (original implementation)
ld-tnewton-precond ‐ Preconditioned Truncated Newton
ld-tnewton-restart ‐ Truncated Newton with steepest-descent restarting
gn-direct ‐ Dividing Rectangles
ln-neldermead ‐ Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm
ln-cobyla ‐ Constrained Optimization BY Linear Approximation
gn-crs2-lm ‐ Controlled Random Search with Local Mutation
ld-var2 ‐ Shifted Limited-Memory Variable-Metric, Rank 2
ld-var1 ‐ Shifted Limited-Memory Variable-Metric, Rank 1
ld-mma ‐ Method of Moving Asymptotes
ld-lbfgs-nocedal ‐ None
ld-lbfgs ‐ Low-storage BFGS
gn-direct-l ‐ Dividing Rectangles (locally biased)
none ‐ don't specify algorithm
ln-bobyqa ‐ Derivative-free Bound-constrained Optimization
ln-sbplx ‐ Subplex variant of Nelder-Mead
ln-newuoa-bound ‐ Derivative-free Bound-constrained Optimization by
Iteratively Constructed Quadratic Approximation
ln-praxis ‐ Gradient-free Local Optimization via the Principal-Axis
Method
gn-direct-noscal ‐ Dividing Rectangles (unscaled)
ld-tnewton-precond-restart ‐ Preconditioned Truncated Newton with
steepest-descent restarting

lower = -inf; double
Lower boundary (equal for all parameters).

maxiter = 100; int in [1, inf)
Stopping criterion: the maximum number of iterations.

opt = ld-lbfgs; dict
main minimization algorithm. Supported values are:
gn-orig-direct-l ‐ Dividing Rectangles (original implementation,
locally biased)
g-mlsl-lds ‐ Multi-Level Single-Linkage (low-discrepancy-sequence,
require local gradient based optimization and bounds)
gn-direct-l-noscal ‐ Dividing Rectangles (unscaled, locally biased)
gn-isres ‐ Improved Stochastic Ranking Evolution Strategy
ld-tnewton ‐ Truncated Newton
gn-direct-l-rand ‐ Dividing Rectangles (locally biased, randomized)
ln-newuoa ‐ Derivative-free Unconstrained Optimization by Iteratively
Constructed Quadratic Approximation
gn-direct-l-rand-noscale ‐ Dividing Rectangles (unscaled, locally
biased, randomized)
gn-orig-direct ‐ Dividing Rectangles (original implementation)
ld-tnewton-precond ‐ Preconditioned Truncated Newton
ld-tnewton-restart ‐ Truncated Newton with steepest-descent restarting
gn-direct ‐ Dividing Rectangles
auglag-eq ‐ Augmented Lagrangian algorithm with equality constraints
only
ln-neldermead ‐ Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm
ln-cobyla ‐ Constrained Optimization BY Linear Approximation
gn-crs2-lm ‐ Controlled Random Search with Local Mutation
ld-var2 ‐ Shifted Limited-Memory Variable-Metric, Rank 2
ld-var1 ‐ Shifted Limited-Memory Variable-Metric, Rank 1
ld-mma ‐ Method of Moving Asymptotes
ld-lbfgs-nocedal ‐ None
g-mlsl ‐ Multi-Level Single-Linkage (require local optimization and
bounds)
ld-lbfgs ‐ Low-storage BFGS
gn-direct-l ‐ Dividing Rectangles (locally biased)
ln-bobyqa ‐ Derivative-free Bound-constrained Optimization
ln-sbplx ‐ Subplex variant of Nelder-Mead
ln-newuoa-bound ‐ Derivative-free Bound-constrained Optimization by
Iteratively Constructed Quadratic Approximation
auglag ‐ Augmented Lagrangian algorithm
ln-praxis ‐ Gradient-free Local Optimization via the Principal-Axis
Method
gn-direct-noscal ‐ Dividing Rectangles (unscaled)
ld-tnewton-precond-restart ‐ Preconditioned Truncated Newton with
steepest-descent restarting
ld-slsqp ‐ Sequential Least-Squares Quadratic Programming

step = 0; double in [0, inf)
Initial step size for gradient free methods.

stop = -inf; double
Stopping criterion: function value falls below this value.

xtola = 0; double in [0, inf)
Stopping criterion: the absolute change of all x-values is below this
value.

xtolr = 0; double in [0, inf)
Stopping criterion: the relative change of all x-values is below this
value.

EXAMPLE

Register the perfusion series given in 'segment.set' to reference image 30. Skip two
images at the beginning and using mutual information as cost function, and penalize the
transformation by divcurl with weight 5. Store the result in 'registered.set'.

mia-2dmyoserial-nonrigid -i segment.set -o registered.set -k 2 -r 30 image:cost=mi -f
spline:rate=5,penalty=[divcurl:weight=5]

AUTHOR(s)

Gert Wollny

COPYRIGHT

This software is Copyright (c) 1999‐2015 Leipzig, Germany and Madrid, Spain. It comes
with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY and you may redistribute it under the terms of the GNU
GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 3 (or later). For more information run the program with the
option '--copyright'.

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