What are standard input and standard output? from the Introduction to Linux by OnWorks

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♦ Combining redirection of input, output and error streams

♦ Output filters

5.1. Simple redirections

5.1.1. What are standard input and standard output?

Most Linux commands read input, such as a file or another attribute for the command, and write output. By default, input is being given with the keyboard, and output is displayed on your screen. Your keyboard is your standard input (stdin) device, and the screen or a particular terminal window is the standard output (stdout) device.

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